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Open AccessIdentification of homologs of the Chlamydia trachomatis effector CteG reveals a family of Chlamydiaceae type III secreted proteins that can be delivered into host cells
Chlamydiae are a large group of obligate endosymbionts of eukaryotes that includes the Chlamydiaceae family, comprising several animal pathogens. Among Chlamydiaceae, Chlamydia trachomatis causes widespread ocula...
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Open AccessExploring the potential of Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus PMC203 in inducing autophagy to reduce the burden of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a lethal pathogen in human history, causes millions of deaths annually, which demands the development of new concepts of drugs. Considering this fact, earlier research has explored the...
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Open AccessAlteration of β-glucan in the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris leads to immune evasion and increased virulence
Candida auris is an emerging pathogenic yeast that has been categorized as a global public health threat and a critical priority among fungal pathogens. Despite this, the immune response against C. auris infectio...
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Serotype distribution, antibiotic resistance, multilocus sequence ty**, and virulence factors of invasive and non-invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Northeast China from 2000 to 2021
Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a major public health concern with high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to evaluate the serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance changes, clonal compos...
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Open AccessAmorfrutin B Compromises Hypoxia/Ischemia-induced Activation of Human Microglia in a PPARγ-dependent Manner: Effects on Inflammation, Proliferation Potential, and Mitochondrial Status
Amorfrutin B is a selective PPARγ modulator that we demonstrated to be a promising neuroprotective compound in cellular models of stroke and perinatal asphyxia. Although neuronal mechanisms of amorfrutin B-evo...
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Open AccessDynamics of peripheral T cell exhaustion and monocyte subpopulations in neurocognitive impairment and brain atrophy in chronic HIV infection
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is hypothesized to be a result of myeloid cell-induced neuro-inflammation in the central nervous system that may be initiated in the periphery, but the contributi...
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Effects of acetate-producing Blautia wexlerae on oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome in obesity-associated male infertility
Background: Obesity-associated male infertility is a common complication of obesity and has been increasing in prevalence. Blautia wexlerae has modulation effects on obesity. However, the action of B. wexlerae on...
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Limited HIV-associated neuropathologies and lack of immune activation in sub-saharan African individuals with late-stage subtype C HIV-1 infection
Although previous studies have suggested that subtype B HIV-1 proviruses in the brain are associated with physiological changes and immune activation accompanied with microgliosis and astrogliosis, and indicat...
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Induced expression of rabies glycoprotein in the dorsal hippocampus enhances hippocampal dependent memory in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
The Rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that manipulates the natural cell death processes of its host to ensure its own survival and replication. Studies have shown that the anti-apoptotic effect of the virus ...
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Evaluation of the effects of the Zika Virus-Immunoglobulin G+ complex on murine microglial cells
After the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Brazil, ZIKV infections were linked to damage to the central nervous system (CNS) and congenital anomalies. Due to the virus’s ability to cross the placenta and reach br...
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Differential expression of cellular prion protein (PrPC) in mouse hepatitis virus induced neuroinflammation
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is an extracellular cell membrane protein. Due to its diversified roles, a definite role of PrPC has been difficult to establish. During viral infection, PrPC has been reported t...
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Caffeine upregulates SIRT3 expression to ameliorate astrocytes-mediated HIV-1 Tat neurotoxicity via suppression of EGR1 signaling pathway
Caffeine is one of the most popular consumed psychostimulants that mitigates several neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, the roles and molecular mechanisms of caffeine in HIV-associated neurocognitive di...
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Rapid tests should be used with caution for HIV-1 primary infection screening
Rapid tests allow outpatient, low cost, reliable, screening for chronic HIV infection. However, data regarding their sensitivity on primary infection remain scarce. The objective of this study was to assess se...
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Preclinical Studies on Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of Propranolol in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity amongst trauma patients. Its treatment is focused on minimizing progression to secondary injury. Administration of propranolol for TBI...
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Open AccessLysozyme: an endogenous antimicrobial protein with potent activity against extracellular, but not intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a key role in the host defense against pathogens. AMPs attack pathogens preferentially at the site of entry to prevent invasive infection. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ...
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Inhibits LPS/AβO-induced Neuroinflammation in BV2 Cells through Regulating the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 Pathway
Neuroinflammation is a key factor in cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), so inhibiting neuroinflammation is considered as a potential treatment for AD. Epigal...
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Open AccessNovel Coumarins Derivatives for A. baumannii Lung Infection Developed by High-Throughput Screening and Reinforcement Learning
With the increasing resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) to antibiotics, researchers have turned their attention to the development of new antimicrobial agents. Among them, coumarin-based heterocy...
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Open AccessSuppression of HIV-TAT and cocaine-induced neurotoxicity and inflammation by cell penetrable itaconate esters
HIV-associated neurological disorder (HAND) is a serious complication of HIV infection marked by neurotoxicity induced by viral proteins like Tat. Substance abuse exacerbates neurocognitive impairment in peopl...
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Open AccessMinocycline Abrogates Individual Differences in Nerve Injury-Evoked Affective Disturbances in Male Rats and Prevents Associated Supraspinal Neuroinflammation
Chronic neuropathic pain precipitates a complex range of affective and behavioural disturbances that differ markedly between individuals. While the reasons for differences in pain-related disability are not we...
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Neurobehavioral Characterization of Perinatal Oxycodone-Exposed Offspring in Early Adolescence
The opioid epidemic has received considerable attention, but the impact on perinatal opioid-exposed (POE) offspring remains underexplored. This study addresses the emerging public health challenge of understan...
