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Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Virology
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Lack of association between HSV-1 DNA in the brain, Alzheimer’s disease and apolipoprotein E4
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Increased frequency of JC virus type 2 and of dual infection with JC virus type 1 and 2 in Italian progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients
To verify the possibility of different role of JC virus genotypes in the etiology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, we analysed several JC virus isolates amplified from AIDS patients with and with...
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Evaluation of HIV-1 Tat induced neurotoxicity in rat cortical cell culture
In a substantial number of cases, Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection causes neuronal cell loss and leads to the development of AIDS associated dementia. Several studies have suggested that b...
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Localization of retrovirus in the central nervous system of a patient co-infected with HTLV-1 and HIV with HAM/TSP and HIV-associated dementia
Persons co-infected with HTLV-1 and HIV are at increased risk for neurologic disease. These patients may develop HAM/TSP and/or HIV-associated dementia. In this study, we localized cells infected with retrovir...
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Infection of human NT2 cells and differentiated NT-neurons with herpes simplex virus and replication-incompetent herpes simplex virus vectors
The human embryonal carcinoma cell line NT2 differentiates irreversibly into postmitotic neuron-like cells following treatment with retinoic acid. These differentiated NT-neurons resemble central nervous syste...
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Functional analyses of natural killer cells in macaques infected with neurovirulent simian immunodeficiency virus
Clearance of HIV and SIV from the peripheral blood by the cellular immune system lessens the viral burden in infected individuals and may have an impact on virus infection of the CNS and the development of CNS...
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Acceleration of HIV dementia with methamphetamine and cocaine
We report a patient with rapidly accelerating HIV dementia accompanied by seizures and an unusual movement disorder despite highly potent antiretroviral therapy. This clinical constellation was associated with...
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HIV-1 Nef co-localizes with the astrocyte-specific cytoskeleton protein GFAP in persistently nef-expressing human astrocytes
In T-cells HIV-1 Nef exerts various functions and interacts with actin. In astrocytes interaction of Nef with cellular proteins is poorly understood. Therefore, human astrocytic cell clones stably transfected ...
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Mechanism of measles virus failure to activate NF-κB in neuronal cells
Lack of IFN-β and MHC class I expression in measles virus (MV) infected neurons could impair the host antiviral defense mechanism and result in virus escape from recognition by cytotoxic T-cells. Induction of ...
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Adenovirus vector-directed expression of the neurotrophin-3 receptor (TrkC) in mouse astrocytes
In the present article we report the generation of a neurovirological reagent, an adenovirus vector that efficiently delivers the gene for the Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) receptor, TrkC. Using this AdTrkC vector, we...
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Quinolinic acid is produced by macrophages stimulated by platelet activating factor, Nef and Tat
Activated macrophages produce quinolinic acid (QUIN), a neurotoxin, in several inflammatory brain diseases including AIDS dementia complex. We hypothesized that TL1-β, IL6, transforming growth factor (TGF-β2) and...
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Cytomegalovirus induces cytokine and chemokine production differentially in microglia and astrocytes: Antiviral implications
Glial cells function as sensors for infection within the brain and produce cytokines to limit viral replication and spread. We examined both cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and chemokine (MCP-1, MlP-1α, RANT...
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Effect of extracellular HIV-1 Vpr protein in vitro
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Gp120 activates children’s brain endothelial cells via CD4
Encephalopathy represents a common and serious manifestation of HIV-1 infection in children, but its pathogenesis is unclear. We demonstrated that gp120 activated human brain microvascular endothelial cells (H...
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CD4/CXCR4-independent infection of human astrocytes by a T-tropic strain of HIV-1
HIV-1 establishes a low-level persistent infection in astrocytes. In this study, we studied the susceptibility of a human astrocyte cell line (SVG-A) to infection with luciferase expressing reporter viruses ps...
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Peripheral nerve protein, P0, as a potential receptor for Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus
Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) belongs the family Picornaviridae. TMEV not only replicates in the gastrointestinal tract but also spreads to the central nervous system (CNS) either by a hematogen...
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Insertional mutagenesis of preneoplastic astrocytes by Moloney murine leukemia virus
Retroviral infection can induce transcriptional activation of genes flanking the sites of proviral integration in target cells. Because integration is essentially random, this phenomenon can be exploited for r...
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Persistence of the influenza A/WSN/33 virus RNA at midbrain levels of immunodefective mice
Strains of influenza A virus are known to infect specific subpopulations of neurons in the mouse brain. Here we report that all segments of the genome of the neurotropic influenza A virus, strain WSN/33, can p...
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Infection and establishment of latency in the dog brain after direct inoculation of a nonpathogenic strain of herpes simplex virus-1
A number of diseases affecting the CNS occur in the dog and can be used as models for gene therapy in a large brain. HSV-1 has several potential advantages as a vector to transfer genes into the CNS. However, ...
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Effect of extracellular HIV-1 Vpr protein in vitro
