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Peritoneal Dialysis Apparatus
Peritoneal dialysis is a modality of dialysis that involves instilling “dialysate” in the abdominal cavity. Exchange of solutes and water takes place...
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Complications of Vascular Access
Main complications associated with central venous catheters are infection, poor catheter flow, thrombosis, and central vein stenosis.
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Complications During Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis may be associated with complications like hypotension, nausea and vomiting, chest pain, itching, muscle cramps, dialyzer reactions,...
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Dialysis of Patient with HIV/HCV Infection
HCV- or HIV-infected ESRD patients do not require isolation during dialysis. Routine universal precautions need to be followed for all dialysis...
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Extracorporeal Therapy for Poisoning
Extracorporeal therapies which can be used for management of poisoning are hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, and plasmapharesis.
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The Hemodialysis Machine
Hemodialysis is a procedure where a dialysis machine and a special filter called dialyzer are used to purify blood. The dialysis machine contains a...
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Water Treatment
Water Treatment Plant is an integral part hemodialysis unit. It consists of a sand filter, softener, carbon filter, Reverse Osmosis system, storage...
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Dialysis in Pregnancy
Pregnant dialysis patient requires careful monitoring and management. Pregnancy in dialysis is associated with miscarriage, fetal death, prematurity,...
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The Dialysate
Dialysate is a physiologic electrolyte solution that has electrolytes similar to extracellular fluid except bicarbonate and potassium. This solution...
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Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Prescription
Peritoneal dialysis adequacy is assessed by clinical and laboratory parameters. Residual Renal Function (RRF) provides additional clearance of uremic...
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Non-Infectious Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis
Metabolic complications seen in patients with peritoneal dialysis are hyperglycemia, weight gain, protein loss, and adynamic bone disease....
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Infectious Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis
Most common cause of treatment failure in peritoneal dialysis is peritonitis. Most common reason for peritonitis is breach in aseptic technique. Gram...
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Volume Status in Peritoneal Dialysis
Volume status of a patient on peritoneal dialysis is assessed by clinical examination. Bioimpedance analysis and ultrasound examination of inferior...
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Peritoneal Dialysis for Acute Kidney Injury
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) has advantages of being a low cost, simple to initiate treatment. It is preferred...
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Anemia in Dialysis
Anemia in end-stage renal disease is caused by insufficient erythropoietin production, iron deficiency, vitamin B12, folate deficiency, blood loss,...
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Artifacts and Pitfalls in Electron Microscopy of the Kidney
This chapter will give a brief overview of the main technical artifacts and pitfalls in transmission electron microscopy examination of the kidney,...
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Emerging Role of Nitric Oxide in Pancreas and Pancreatic Islet Transplantation
Transplantation of whole pancreas or pancreatic islets represents β-cell replacement therapy that is now clinically viable after several years of...
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Protective Role of Nitric Oxide in Kidney and Heart Transplantation
Nitric oxide (NO) is the first identified member of the gasotransmitter family. It is synthesized by a group of enzymes called nitric oxide synthases...
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Carbon Monoxide Preserves Cellular Integrity and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function After Intestinal Transplantation
Intestinal transplantation is a viable life-saving intervention solely reserved for patients with end-stage intestinal failure when total parenteral...
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Organ Graft Protection Following Pre-treatment of Transplant Donors with Hydrogen Sulfide
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a pathological condition resulting from prolonged cessation and subsequent restoration of blood flow to a tissue,...