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Autonomic Medicine
The autonomic nervous system is part of the peripheral nervous system that supplies the viscera, along with the endocrine and the lymphatic systems....
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Occupational Medicine and Toxicology
Toxicology is the study of harmful effects of drugs, organic substances, and medication on the human body. Many medications and substance abuse can...
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Energy Medicine
Microcurrent therapy is a form of therapy that uses Galvanic, direct current (DC) with low amperage (<1000 μA) and low frequency (0.5–100 Hz) for...
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Neurology
Stroke means the death of brain cells (infarction) due to ischemia or emboli.
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Pulmonology
The pleura are composed of two layers, parietal and visceral layers, separated by a pleural space. The parietal pleuron is supplied by systemic...
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Gastroenterology
Liver cirrhosis is a term used to describe the histological development of regenerative hepatic nodules surrounded by fibrous bands in response to...
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Organizing Pneumonia
Organizing pneumonia is a nonspecific lung inflammation caused by various etiologies, and its pathogenesis is complex. The possible pathogenic...
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Lobular Pneumonia
Lobular pneumonia, also known as bronchopneumonia, is caused by pathogen infection, which leads to focal acute suppurative inflammation of bronchus...
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Lobar Pneumonia
Lobar pneumonia is an acute inflammatory disease characterized by diffuse cellulose exudation in alveolar space, usually involving all or most of the...
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Aspiration Pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is one of the common types of pneumonia, which refers to pulmonary inflammation caused by abnormal entry of liquid,...
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Eosinophilic Lung Disease
Eosinophilic lung disease (ELD) is a group of heterogeneous clinical diseases characterized by eosinophilia in airway and (or) lung parenchyma, with...
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Infectious Aortitis
Infectious aortitis is rare in clinical practice, and its clinical manifestations are diverse, with less specificity, which often leads to missed...
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Fungal Infection
Aspergillus exists widely in nature and belongs to conditional pathogenic fungi. Under normal circumstances, alveolar macrophages and neutrophils can...
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Radiation Pneumonia
Radiation pneumonia (RP) is an inflammatory reaction caused by the injury of normal lung tissue in the radiation range after radiotherapy for tumors...
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Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare unexplained disease characterized by organ dysfunction caused by abnormal diffuse proliferation and...
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HIV-Related Pulmonary Infection
Tuberculosis is one of the most common opportunistic infectious diseases in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, and the two...
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Imaging Techniques of Great Vessels in Chest and Heart
In recent years, with the rapid development of hardware and software of MRI, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) has been increasingly used in...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) refers to heart inflammation and scar formation caused by the autoimmune reaction of group A streptococcus infection....
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Lung Abscess
Lung abscess refers to the destructive lesions of lung tissue caused by one or more suppurative bacteria, which is manifested as suppurative...
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Reversed Halo Sign
The reversed halo sign, which was named originally from the disease cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, refers to a focal, rounded area of ground-glass...