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Geospatial Applications in Epidemiology: Location, Location, Location
Since the conception of epidemiology, geographic location has played a fundamental role. The distribution of health outcomes varies by location and...
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Cross-Sectional Study: The Role of Observation in Epidemiological Studies
Commonly arising from empirical observations or from opportunistic case reports/case series, a cross-sectional study is often the first step in a...
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Evidence-Based Decision-Making in Public Health
The public health world is increasingly becoming an analytical place, and with increases in the availability of existing literature, drawing...
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Case–Control Study
A case–control study is an observational study designed to determine if a risk factor is associated with an outcome of interest (disease or...
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Survival Analysis and Applications Using SAS and SPSS
Survival analysis is used to analyze data in which the time until the event is of interest. The event is sometimes, but not always, death. Typically,...
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Surveillance: The Role of Observation in Epidemiological Studies
Public health surveillance is the corner stone of public health practice and is critical for improving population health. Public health surveillance...
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Cohort Studies
This chapter provides readers with the critical concepts to consider in designing and analyzing cohort studies. A cohort study is a powerful tool and...
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Sample Size Estimation
Sample size estimation is a critical statistical analytic tool that is necessary for conducting research. The formula for sample size depends on the...
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Varying Viewpoints on Sex Differences
Conceptual deficiencies, the surprising claim of no math test score sex differences, and other efforts to understand or explain math and other sex...
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E-cigarettes: The Technology, the Market, and the Practice of Va**
This chapter introduces the concept of alternative nicotine products and e-cigarettes; a sub-category of non-combustible nicotine products. A...
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Measures of Disease Frequency
The occurrence of disease has three measurements. These are prevalencePrevalence, risk, and incidence. They differ by how they relate to time....
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Stratified Analysis
Confounding is a kind of bias that can create the appearance of a causal relationship between exposure and disease where there is none. It can occur...
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2 × 2 Tables
2 × 2 tables are used to organize data for two proportions. From 2 × 2 tables2x2 table, we compare proportions as differences or as ratios. We can...
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Overview of Statistical Logic
In epidemiology, a goal of setting up the method by which we will take a sample from the population is to make the sample representative of the...
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Sustainable University Transformation Through Student Engagement? Organizational Theoretical Considerations
The path to sustainable higher education transformation is shaped by higher education policy requirements that meet higher education practice and...
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Mind-Body-Medizin: AyurVeda, Meditation und Yoga in der Prävention und Therapie von viralen Erkrankungen
Das in diesem Beitrag dargestellte Vedische Medizinsystem mit seinen Teilaspekten „Ayurveda“, „Yoga“ und „Meditation“ beinhaltet eine...