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Isotopic Tracers of the Marine Nitrogen Cycle: Present and Past
The oceanic nitrogen cycle consists of a web of microbially mediated transformations driven in part by the large range in possible nitrogen...
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Sources and Fate of Organic Contaminants in the Marine Environment
The sources, levels, and fate of organic contaminants of major concern in the marine environment are reviewed. Spatial distributions among the...
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Introduction
According to Ernst Haeckel, any detailed hypothesis whatever concerning the origin of life must, as yet, be considered worthless, because up till now...
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The Origin of Cell Boundaries and Metabolism
The wide gap between the properties of non-living phenomena and the simplest living forms cannot be explained without some intermediate stages...
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B Chronology of Definitions and Interpretations of Life
There are a large number of definitions and interpretations of life. The definitions presented here only serve a general bibliographic purpose as no...
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C Dictionary
Absolute life criteria. Traits that are present in all living systems (Szathmáry 2002) (see Potential life criteria).
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The Origin of Handedness
Some physical realities such as fluid vortices, certain molecular architectures, circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, screws and some...
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A Models and Theories of Life
A variety of numerical and chemical models have been proposed as analogies and simulators of the evolution and functioning of early life. Because...
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The Purpose-Like Nature of Life
According to Jeffrey Tze-Fei Wong (2002): A living system is one capable of...
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The Origin of Early Specificity.The Order, Complexity and Diversity of Life
One of the key assets of life is its ability to maintain a low level of internal entropy while avoiding reaching minimal levels of it. Understanding...
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Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching: Application to Nuclear Proteins
Fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching (FRAP) has received increasing attention ever since it was first introduced into cell biological...
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Engineering Fluorescent Proteins
Green fluorescent protein from the jellyfish Aequorea victora (GFP) and GFP-like proteins from Anthozoa species encode light-absorbing chromophores...
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Live Cell Spinning Disk Microscopy
In vivo microscopy of dynamic processes in cells and organisms requires very fast and sensitive acquisition methods. Confocal laser scanning...
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Effects of Sex Steroids on Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Estrogens and androgens are classically recognized as reproductive sex steroid hormones because of their well-documented effects on reproductive...
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Structures and Efflux Mechanisms of the AcrAB-TolC Pump
The global emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in gram-negative bacteria has become a matter of worldwide concern. MDR in these pathogens is...
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Structure and Function of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Transamidase, a Transmembrane Complex Catalyzing GPI Anchoring of Proteins
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. GPI-anchored proteins...
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The Core Complex of Yeast COMPASS and Human Mixed-Lineage Leukemia (MLL), Structure, Function, and Recognition of the Nucleosome
Yeast COMPASS (complex of proteins associated with Set1) and human MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) complexes are histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases...
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Human Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Channel: Structure, Function, and Physiology
The transient receptor potential ion channel TRPA1 is a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel widely expressed in sensory neurons, but also in...
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Structure, Dynamics and Functional Implications of the Eukaryotic Vault Complex
Vault ribonucleoprotein particles are naturally designed nanocages, widely found in the eukaryotic kingdom. Vaults consist of 78 copies of the major...