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Bovine Belching as an Alternative Source of Energy
When we think of alternative sources of energy production, the first things that come to mind are probably images of gigantic metal mills that...
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Global Opioid Crisis: Two Sides of the Same Coin
One of the most influential women in the history of the Conquest of America was Malinalli, also known as La Malinche or Marina, a Nahuatl princess...
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Gaia: A Planet Dominated by Bacteria
Life appeared on earth approximately 3.5 billion years ago, and since then, the Earth and its living beings have been part of a structure that is...
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Hyper Acute Rejection (HAR)
Hyper acute rejection (HAR) occurs 48 h immediately after transplantation. HAR is caused by cytotoxic antibody against donor’s HLA or ABO antigen....
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Blood Coagulation as Coagulation Dysregulation
Prior to human transplantation application, clarification and elucidation of the pig organ compatibility with the human host thromboregulation system...
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Blood-Mediated Inflammatory Reaction (IBMIR) and Prevention of IBMIR
In transplantation, function loss of grafts is primarily observed in the early time of transplantation, mainly by two known responses of the instant...
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Non-α1,3Gal Carbohydrate Antigenic Epitopes
Non-Gal (Non-α1,3-Gal) antigenic epitope is also targeted by the cellular immune system. Preformed natural non-Gal Abs do not cause HR in...
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Genome Editing and Transgenes in Pigs
Disruption of specific target genes is a first step to uncover the gene function. Large-sized animals are difficult to be targeted in embryo level,...
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Human Red Blood Cell (RBC) Blood Groups System
Understanding of the blood group system of human gives benefits in transplantation and transfusion medicine. Karl Landsteiner received Noble Prize in...
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The Future Prospects of Xenotransplantation
In the past era, gene manipulation techniques were slowly developed and inefficient, making them very difficult to experiment with...
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Non-ABO Blood Group Systems
After the ABO blood group discovery, Karl Landsteiner and his colleagues further discovered additional markers of blood groups of MN and P, and a...
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Intra-Bone Bone Marrow Transplantation
BM is very specific tissue with an extensive vascular network, and the injected BM cells into the organism easily enter and join the peripheral...
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Glycosylation in Eukaryotes
In eukaryotes from lower molds to terminally evolved humans, distinct biological event is so called glycosylation. Therefore, cell-specific and...
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Conclusions
Although many available data describe carbohydrate antigens, it is also true that some discrepancies between each case are seen, indicating current...
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Induction of Xenograft Tolerance and Chimerism as an Alternative Prevention of Xenograft Rejection
As an alternative prevention of xenograft rejection, induction of immunological tolerance status is another strategy in which the host immune system...
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Classification of Rejection in Host Recipients in Xenotransplantation
Glycome difference between human and non-human species is the most basic concept as a main barrier of xenotransplantation. Determination of...
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Summary and Conclusion
Infectious diseases are among the leading cause of premature deaths (Graham and Sullivan 2018). More than 30 new human pathogens have been identified...
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Western Blotting
Western blot (also known as protein immunoblot) is an important molecular biology technique routinely used in most research laboratories for the...
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Conventional and Biotechnological Approaches for the Improvement of Industrial Crops
Industrial crops serve as vital components of global economic systems, fulfilling multifaceted roles in various sectors. However, they encounter...