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Brain Endothelial Cells: Metabolic Flux and Energy Metabolism
The neurovascular unit (NVU) consists of multiple cell types including brain endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and neurons that function...
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Human Blood-Brain-Barrier In Vitro Models: Overview and Applications
The human blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is a vital structure for brain health. Conversely it represents a challenge in drug development programmes that...
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Interaction of Bovine Lymphocytes with Products of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) produce a number of virulence factors that interfere with lymphocyte functions, including mitogen- and...
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Thin-Layer Chromatography in Structure and Recognition Studies of Shiga Toxin Glycosphingolipid Receptors
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) consist of a ceramide (Cer) lipid anchor, which is typically composed of the long-chain aminoalcohol sphingosine (d18:1)...
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Citrobacter rodentium Lysogenized with a Shiga Toxin-Producing Phage: A Murine Model for Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Infection
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is a common foodborne pathogen in developed countries. STEC generates “attaching and effacing” (AE) lesions on...
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Use of the Dynamic TIM-1 Model for an In-Depth Understanding of the Survival and Virulence Gene Expression of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in the Human Stomach and Small Intestine
Due to obvious ethical and technical reasons, it remains very difficult to evaluate the survival and expression of virulence genes of food-borne...
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Determining Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Interactions with Human Intestinal Epithelium in a Microaerobic Vertical Diffusion Chamber
The environment in the human intestine is low in oxygen. This affects virulence gene expression of enteropathogens including Shiga toxin-producing E....
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Measuring Effector-Mediated Modulation of Inflammatory Responses to Infection with Enteropathogenic and Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and the related pathogen enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) use a type III secretion system to...
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Overview of the Effect of Citrobacter rodentium Infection on Host Metabolism and the Microbiota
Citrobacter rodentium is a natural enteric mouse pathogen that models human intestinal diseases, such as pathogenic E. coli infections, ulcerative...
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Predicting Host Association for Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Serogroups by Machine Learning
Escherichia coli is a species of bacteria that can be present in a wide variety of mammalian hosts and potentially soil environments. E. coli has an...
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Infection of Immunocompetent Conventional Mice with Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli: The DSS + STEC Model
Previous methods of infecting mice with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) required suppression of host immune function or ablation of the gut...
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Functional Analysis of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Biofilm Components in Plant Leaves
Plants represent alternative or secondary hosts for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), enabling transmission of the pathogens through the...
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Detection of Blood Cell Surface Biomarkers in Septic Mice
Sepsis arises when an infection induces a dysregulated immune response, resulting in organ damage. New methods are urgently needed to diagnose...
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Induction of Sepsis Via Fibrin Clot Implantation
Implantation of bacteria embedded in a fibrin clot allows for successful establishment of sepsis in preclinical models. This model allows the...
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Measurement of Intestinal Permeability During Sepsis
Gut barrier function has been hypothesized to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Measuring intestinal permeability allows for a...
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Sepsis Biomarkers
Biomarkers have been used in sepsis to assist with the diagnosis of disease as well as determining the severity of disease, that is, prognosis. These...
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Agent-Based Modeling of Systemic Inflammation: A Pathway Toward Controlling Sepsis
Despite nearly 50 years of research there currently remains no mediator-directed therapy approved for the treatment of sepsis. The failure to...
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A Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an acute inflammatory disease that unforeseeably develops in very low birth weight premature infants. NEC is...
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Francisella tularensis Infection of Mice as a Model of Sepsis
Sepsis results from the dysregulated immune response to infection. While the stimulator and progression of the septic response is poorly understood,...
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Skin Disease Models In Vitro and Inflammatory Mechanisms: Predictability for Drug Development
Investigative skin biology, analysis of human skin diseases, and numerous clinical and pharmaceutical applications rely on skin models characterized...