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Article
Circulating TGF-β1 does not cross the intact blood-brain barrier
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) from the periphery can cross the disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) to exert neuroprotective effects on the brain. Here, we quantify its permeation across the normal mouse...
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Article
Increased hippocampal uptake of tumor necrosis factor α and behavioral changes in mice
Brain trauma may alter the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and affect psychomotor activity. We have shown that the transport system for tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) at the BBB undergoes regulatory ...
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Article
Interactions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) with the blood-brain barrier
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) reduces insulin requirement in diabetes mellitus and promotes satiety. GLP-1 in the periphery (outside the CNS) has been shown to act on the brain to reduce food ingestion. As G...
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Article
Saturable brain-to-blood transport of endomorphins
Opiate-modulating tetrapeptides such as tyrosine-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-release inhibiting factor-1 (Tyr-MIF-1; Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) and Tyr-W-MIF-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Gly-NH2) are saturably transported from b...
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Article
A potent and selective endogenous agonist for the µ-opiate receptor
Peptides have been identified in mammalian brain that are considered to be endogenous agonists for the δ (enkephalins) and κ (dynorphins) opiate receptors, but none has been found to have any preference for th...
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Article
Delivering Peptides to the Central Nervous System: Dilemmas and Strategies
Peptides have been shown to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) as intact molecules so that they can influence the central nervous system. Peptides cross by saturable and nonsaturable mechanisms in the directi...
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Article
Effect of neurotransmitters on the system that transports Tyr-MIF-1 and the enkephalins across the blood-brain barrier: a dominant role for serotonin
Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides interact in several ways. We studied a new type of interaction: the effect of neurotransmitters on the saturable system that transports Tyr-MIF-1 and the enkephalins out of ...
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Article
The aluminum-induced increase in blood-brain barrier permeability to delta-sleep-inducing peptide occurs throughout the brain and is independent of phosphorus and acetylcholinesterase levels
The effect of aluminum on levels of inorganic phosphorus and acetylcholinesterase in blood and brain and on permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in different regions of the brain to the neuropeptide d...
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Article
The effects of neonatal injections of α-MSH on the open-field behavior of juvenile and adult rats
Male and female infant albino rats, between the ages of 2 and 7 days, were treated with either MSH or the vehicle solution and then tested in an open-field apparatus when they were 45 days old and again when t...
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Article
Psychopharmacological and endocrinological effects of melanocyte stimulating hormones in normal man
A double blind crossover trial of the effects of synthetic alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha MSH) and synthetic beta melanocyte stimulating hormone (beta 1–22 MSH) on the contingent negative variatio...
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Article
Characterization of the Hormonal Responses to Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LH-RH) in Prepubertal and Adult Subjects
Extract: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), purified from porcine hypothalamic tissue, was administered in an intravenous dose of 300 $mUg to four prepubertal and four adult human subjects. The result...
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Article
Autoregulation of Release of Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone from the Rat Pituitary
MELANOCYTE stimulating hormone (MSH) enables amphibians such as the frog to change skin colour and thereby adapt to the environment. The function of this pituitary hormone in mammals such as the albino rat has...
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Article
Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone Activity of Synthetic MSH and ACTH Peptides, in vivo and in vitro
SIMULTANEOUSLY performed in vivo and in vitro determinations of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) activity of a large number of synthetic MSH and ACTH peptides have not been reported previously. The work r...