Abstract
Background: Worldwide rates of cleft palate could vary based on ethnicity and geography. Orofacial clefts are the most common craniofacial malformation of the newborn that may occur due to environmental factors and socioeconomic conditions, with variability across geographic origin, race, and ethnic groups.
Objectives: to review trends in the rate of cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients in many countries across several world regions to find out any possible socioeconomic, genetic factors that could affect the cleft palate incidence. The chapter will review the reported annual rates per 10,000 live births calculated worldwide that will be grouped according to World Health Organization (WHO) regions (North and south America, Europe, South and East Asia, Western Pacific, Africa, and Eastern Mediterranean).
Conclusion: CL/P prevalence is highest in the Asian and American populations and lowest in African populations. The gender distribution of cleft lip and palate is not equal in general. The incidence of CL/P is 2 times higher in men than in women, whereas that of CP is higher in women.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abulezz TA, Elsherbiny AK, Mazeed AS (2018) Management of cleft lip and palate in Egypt: a national survey. Indian J Plast Surg 51(3):290–295
Ağaçayak KS, Ağaçayak E, Coşkun S, Aksoy O (2014) Congenital orofacial clefts: etiology and frequency. Dicle Med J 41:429–433
Al Omari F, Al-Omari IK (2004) Cleft lip and palate in Jordan: birth prevalence rate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 41(6):609–612
Allam E, Windsor J, Stone C (2014) Cleft lip and palate: etiology, epidemiology, preventive and intervention strategies. Anatom Physiol Current Res 4:1–6
Alswairki H, Abd El-Sayed FA, Fouda MY (2019) Incidence of Egyptian live births of cleft lip and/or palate in Cairo, Luxor, Aswan, and New Valley governorates: a survey study in 237,783 children. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e ClÃnica Integrada 19:1519–0501
Beaty TH, Marazita ML, Leslie EJ (2016) Genetic factors influencing risk to orofacial clefts: today’s challenges and tomorrow’s opportunities. F1000Research 30(5):2800
Brito LA, Cruz LA, Rocha KM, Barbara LK, Silva CBF et al (2011) Genetic contribution for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NS CL/P) in different regions of Brazil and implications for association studies. Am J Med Genet A 155:1581–1587
Carinci F, Scapoli L, Palmieri A, Zollino I, Pezzetti F (2007) Human genetic factors in nonsyndromic cleft lip: an update. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 71:1509–1519
Christensen K, Holm NV, Olsen J, Kock K, Fogh-Andersen P (1992) Selection bias in genetic-epidemiological studies of cleft lip and palate. Am J Hum Genet 51:654–659
Croen L, Shaw GM, Wasserman CR, Tolarova M (1998) Racial and ethnic variations in the prevalence of orofacial clefts in California, 1983–1992. Am J Med Genet 79:42–47
Dixon MJ, Marazita ML, Beaty TH, Murray JC (2011) Cleft lip and palate: understanding genetic and environmental influences. Nat Rev Genet 12:167–178
Elahi M, Jackson IT, Elahi O, Khan AH et al (2004) Epidemiology of cleft lip and cleft palate in Pakistan. Plast Reconstr Surg 113(6):1548–1555
Forrester MB, Merz RD (2004) Descriptive epidemiology of oral clefts in a multiethnic population, Hawaii, 1986–2000. Cleft Palate Craniofacial J 41(6):622–628
IPDTOC Working Group (2011) Prevalence at birth of cleft lip with or without cleft palate: data from the International Perinatal Database of Typical Oral Clefts (IPDTOC). Cleft Palate Craniofac J 48:66–81
Kirby R, Petrini J, Alter C (2000) Collecting and interpreting birth defects surveillance data by Hispanic ethnicity: a comparative study. Teratology 61:21–27
Mastroiacovo P, Maraschini A, Leoncini E et al (2011) Prevalence at birth of cleft lip with or without cleft palate: data from the International Perinatal Database of Typical Oral Clefts (IPDTOC). Cleft Palate Craniofac J 48:66–81
McLeod NM, Arana-Urioste ML, Saeed NR (2004) Birth prevalence of cleft lip and palate in Sucre, Bolivia. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 41(2):195–198
Meyerson MD (1990) Cultural considerations in the treatment of Latinos with craniofacial malformations. Cleft Palate J 27(3):279–288
Mossey PA, Modell B (2012) Epidemiology of oral clefts 2012: an international perspective. Front Oral Biol 16:1–18
Msamati BC, Igbibi PS, Chisi JE (2000) The incidence of cleft lip. Cleft palate, hydrocephalus, and spina bifida at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. Central Africa J Med 46(11):292–296
Peterson-Falzone SJ, Hardin-Jones MA, Karnell MP (2001) Cleft palate speech, 3rd edn. Mosby, Inc, St. Louis
Stuppia L, Capogreco M, Marzo G et al (2011) Genetics of syndromic and nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. J Craniofac Surg 22:1722–1726
Suleiman AM, Hamzah ST, Abusalab MA, Samaan KT (2005) Prevalence of cleft lip and palate in a hospital-based population in Sudan. Int J Paediatr Dent 15:185–189
Watkins SE, Meyer RE, Strauss RP, Aylsworth AS (2014) Classification, epidemiology, and genetics of orofacial clefts. Clin Plast Surg 41:149–163
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this entry
Cite this entry
El-Shazly, M., Helmy, Y., Abdelsalam, L., Ali, T. (2022). Global Incidence of Cleft Palate. In: Fayyaz, G.Q. (eds) Surgical Atlas of Cleft Palate and Palatal Fistulae. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3889-6_129-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3889-6_129-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-3889-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-3889-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine