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Biomarkers for Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Biomarkers in Liver Disease

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world, and the prognosis of HCC patients remains poor despite earlier diagnosis and treatment. Recurrence is the main cause of death in patients who received curative treatment for the primary cancer. Tumors arising within 2 years of treatment typically originate from the primary tumour. These recurrent tumours tend to be aggressive and result in high mortality rate for these patients. Hence there is a clinical need to develop prognostic biomarkers for prediction of early recurrence. Proteomics involves the unbiased study of global changes of protein expression in a high throughput manner. This allows for identification of biomarkers for prediction of HCC recurrence. In this review, we described the proteomics workflow and platforms used in the biomarker discovery for HCC recurrence. We also summarized the main findings of studies that utilized proteomics as the primary tool for biomarker identification in patient samples. Lastly, we discussed the possible improvements in study design and technologies to translate the results obtained from proteomic studies to clinical use.

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Abbreviations

2D-DIGE:

2-Dimensional-difference gel electrophoresis

2-DE:

2-Dimensional electrophoresis

adoMET:

S-Adenosylmethionine

AMACR:

Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase

cICAT:

Cleavable isotope-coded affinity tags

emPAI:

Exponentially modified protein abundance index

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

IEF:

Isoelectric focusing

IHC:

Immunohistochemistry

iTRAQ:

Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation

LC:

Liquid chromatography

m/z :

Mass-to-charge ratio

MALDI:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NDRG1:

N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1

PAGE:

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

pI :

Isoelectric point

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SELDI:

Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization

TMA:

Tissue microarray analysis

TOF:

Time of flight

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore

    Seow Chong Lee, Hwee Tong Tan & Maxey Ching Ming Chung

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  1. Seow Chong Lee
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  2. Hwee Tong Tan
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  3. Maxey Ching Ming Chung
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Correspondence to Maxey Ching Ming Chung .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sciences Division, King's College, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

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Lee, S.C., Tan, H.T., Chung, M.C.M. (2015). Biomarkers for Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In: Preedy, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Liver Disease. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7742-2_9-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7742-2_9-1

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