Abstract
Intersectionality, one of the most crucial concepts developed in feminism and gender studies in the 1990s, has been widely adopted to examine interconnecting oppressions as well as privilege. While diverse social categories and structures have been discussed in studies drawing on intersectional paradigms, spatiality – which is one of the critical bases of inequality – has arguably not received enough attention. By examining global and national policies on women, peace and security (WPS), this chapter aims to illuminate how spatiality is central in understanding the intersecting challenges of women enduring and fleeing war and conflict.
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Notes
- 1.
Place and space are usually used together and interchangeably. They are intertwined and both can indicate subjective experience of and social relation to a location, but space is also considered as a more abstract location or a specific (fixed) geographical point. Spatiality, also a social construct, is ‘the effect of space on actions, interactions, entities, and theories’ (Mayhew 2015)
- 2.
Generally, resolutions adopted under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter – Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression – are considered binding.
- 3.
Excluding refugee women in European borderlands has been a dominant approach of NAPs in Europe, although Holvikivi and Reeves (2017, 2020, p. 12) point out that Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy and Spain make specific reference to refugees and asylum seekers within their countries in their NAPs. However, they further argue that while including these women in NAPs can be transformative, inclusion/integration could also reproduce the view that women fleeing conflict are helpless victims that require protection.
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Kimura, M. (2021). Geo-spatial Politics of Intersectionality: The Impact of Global and National Policy on Women, Peace and Security on Women Enduring and Fleeing War and Conflict. In: Biele Mefebue, A., Bührmann, A., Grenz, S. (eds) Handbuch Intersektionalitätsforschung. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26613-4_34-1
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