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Adaptation of Irrigated and Rainfed Agriculture to Climate Change: The Vulnerability of Production Systems and the Potential of Intraspecific Biodiversity (Case Studies in Italy)

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Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation

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Abstract

This chapter addresses the biophysical dimension of adaptation. A framework is developed and applied to evaluate options for adaptation in different and relevant Italian agricultural crop** systems. Adaptation options rely on the identification of alternate cultivars optimally adapted to expected climate conditions, building on crops’ intraspecific biodiversity. The aim is to remove or at least reduce the vulnerability of current production systems by identifying alternate cultivars optimally adapted to expected climate conditions, without altering the pattern of current species and production systems.

A new approach is proposed to (i) evaluate indicators of expected thermal and hydrologic conditions within a specific landscape and production system, (ii) identify the cultivar-specific thermal and hydrologic requirements for the optimal growth of a set of cultivars, and (iii) identify as options for adaptation the cultivars for which expected climate conditions match the climatic requirements. A robust methodology is provided to assess adaptive capacity, relying on mechanistic simulation models and on the identification of cultivar-specific climatic conditions required for optimal development and yield.

The approach is demonstrated through three case studies on (a) rainfed agriculture, (b) irrigated herbaceous crops, and (c) irrigated fruit crops. For rainfed agriculture, we have identified cultivars adapted to climate predicted for the period 2021–2050. For irrigated crops, we have evaluated adaptability for irrigation schedules ranging from optimal to severely reduced water depths. Options for adaptations of herbaceous and fruit crops have been identified as a combination of cultivars and irrigation schedules.

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Acknowledgments

The work was carried out within the Italian national project AGROSCENARI funded by the Ministry for Agricultural, Food and Forest Policies (MIPAAF, D.M.8608/7303/2008).

The authors are grateful to colleagues at CNR-ISAFOM for supplying some cultivars’ data sets: dott. Riccardo d’Andria, Dr. Antonella Lavini, and dott. Giovanni Morelli for olive and Dr. Cristina Patanè for tomato. The contribution of CRPV (Research Center for Crop Production, Cesena, FC, Italy) that provided data on fruit crops is also acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Massimo Menenti

  2. National Research Council, Institute for Mediterranean Agriculture and Forest, Ercolano, Italy

    S. M. Alfieri, A. Bonfante, M. Riccardi, A. Basile, E. Monaco & Francesca De Lorenzi

  3. Ariespace s.r.l., Spin-Off company of the University of Naples Federico II, Centro Direzionale Is. A3, 80143, Naples, Italy

    Carlo De Michele

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  1. Massimo Menenti
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Correspondence to Massimo Menenti .

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  1. Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany

    Walter Leal Filho

Glossary

Climate change

Statistically significant variation either in the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)

Climate variability

Variations in the mean state and other statistics (such as standard deviations, the occurrence of extremes, etc.) of the climate on all temporal and spatial scales beyond that of individual weather events

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Menenti, M. et al. (2015). Adaptation of Irrigated and Rainfed Agriculture to Climate Change: The Vulnerability of Production Systems and the Potential of Intraspecific Biodiversity (Case Studies in Italy). In: Leal Filho, W. (eds) Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38670-1_54

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