Definition and Characteristics
Assay for serum phosphate measures inorganic phosphates, mainly H2PO4 − and HPO4 2− (85%). Hypophosphatemia is defined as the fasting serum level less than 2.5 mg/dl (0.80 mmol/l). Less than 1.0 mg/dl (0.32 mmol/l) is considered to be severe hypophosphatemia that requires rapid correction.
Acute, severe hypophosphatemia may result in dysfunction of the cells, such as hemolysis, impaired chemotaxis of leukocytes, platelet dysfunction, rhabdomyolysis, encephalopathy, and heart failure. Chronic hypophosphatemia may be manifested by anorexia, muscle pain, and rickets/osteomalacia [1].
Prevalence
Hypophosphatemia is encountered as low as 0.43% of hospitalized patients. Higher prevalence has been reported in patients with alcoholism (0.9%), sepsis (2.4%), malnutrition (10.4%), and diabetic ketoacidosis (14.6%).
Genes
Gene mutations have been identified in various diseases with hypophosphatemia, including X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: XLH (PHEX gene...
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References
Amanzadeh J, Reilly RF Jr (2006) Hypophosphatemia: an evidence-based approach to its clinical consequences and management. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2:136–148
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Fukagawa, M., Tanaka, M. (2009). Hypophosphatemia. In: Lang, F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_903
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_903
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