Abstract
The hair follicle (HF), forming embryonically through cutaneous epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, is a sophisticated multifunctional organ. In addition to its protective, thermoregulatory, mechanosensory, and piloerectile functions, it is also essential for social communication. HFs repeatedly cycle through resting (telogen), growing (anagen), and regressing (catagen) phases in life. Prolonged arrest in telogen or disruption of anagen can result in unwanted hair loss or alopecia. Hair regeneration from telogen is fueled by hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) located in the secondary hair germ and the bulge epithelium. HFSCs are subject to non-cell-autonomous regulation by their niche. HFSC niche cells can be categorized into modules of signaling, sensing, and message-relaying functions that enable HFSCs to adapt their regenerative activities according to varying physiological needs and environmental changes. Niche dysfunction can lead to alopecia. For example, androgenetic alopecia, i.e., male pattern hair loss, is caused by dysfunctional HF dermal papilla cells, while alopecia areata, i.e., spot baldness, results from infiltration of autoreactive T cells into HFs. In addition to telogen-to-anagen regeneration, anagen HFs can adopt another regenerative scheme of anagen HF repair (AHFR) when damaged. Basal HF epithelial cells outside the HFSC compartments reserve a concealed progenitor property with plastic cell fate choices. By mobilizing these nonconventional basal progenitor cells, AHFR restores lost structures to resume the disrupted anagen and avoids premature catagen entry, as seen in the dystrophic anagen pathway following chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic injuries. Targeting disease-specific niche pathology and enhancing the intrinsic regenerative programs of AHFR can therefore help to develop new strategies for the treatment of hair loss.
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Abbreviations
- AHFR:
-
Anagen hair follicle repair
- HF:
-
Hair follicle
- HFSC:
-
Hair follicle stem cell
- IRS:
-
Inner root sheath
- ORS:
-
Outer root sheath
- SC:
-
Stem cell
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Taiwan Bio-Development Foundation (TBF) (to SJL), Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST107-2314-B-002-064-MY3; 108-2811-B-002-583), National Taiwan University Hospital (UN108-029, 109S4567, 108-T17, 109-T17), and Taiwan National Health Research Institutes (NHRI-EX108-10811EI, NHRI-EX109-10811EI).
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Lin, SJ., Huang, WY., Chen, CC., Lei, M., Hong, JB. (2020). Hair Follicle Stem Cells and Hair Regeneration. In: Gimble, J., Marolt Presen, D., Oreffo, R., Redl, H., Wolbank, S. (eds) Cell Engineering and Regeneration. Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-37076-7_12-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-37076-7_12-1
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