Abstract
In the second half of 2008, two events occurred that are, individually and together, highly significant for the future of global health. First, in August 2008 the World Health Organization (WHO)’s Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) released its final report (Commission on Social Determinants of Health, 2008; for a brief summary, see Marmot and Friel, 2008; Marmot et al., 2008). The 19-member Commission, established in 2005, began its extraordinary report with the observation that: ‘Social injustice is killing people on a grand scale’. The concepts of health equity and socioeconomic gradients in health were central to the Commission’s unequivocally normative analysis. Health equity was defined with reference to the absence of systematic differences in health that are avoidable by reasonable action … and the Commission considered most such differences to be avoidable and therefore inequitable (Commission on Social Determinants of Health, 2007, p. 1). Socioeconomic gradients in health are disparities in health outcomes related to various indicators of social (dis)advantage; such gradients are ubiquitous, not only between countries but also within them. The Commission’s perspective on such gradients is worth quoting at length:
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Schrecker, T. (2009). The Power of Money: Global Financial Markets, National Politics, and Social Determinants of Health. In: Kay, A., Williams, O.D. (eds) Global Health Governance. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230249486_8
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