SpringerLink
Log in

Medical Image Watermarking: A Review on Wavelet-Based Methods

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Signal and Image Processing Techniques for the Development of Intelligent Healthcare Systems

Abstract

Medical imaging systems have made technological advances exponentially with the advent of fast computing systems and multimedia technologies. Images from various imaging modalities are processed, stored, and transmitted for different reasons. This attracts huge investment for high-end computing systems to ensure security for huge volume of medical data. Medical images are manipulated intentionally or unintentionally for analysis, diagnosis, access of patient data, and research. Hence, providing authenticity and security to the medical images becomes essential for entrusted workflow among the medical fraternity. Among the solutions existing at present, watermarking tend to be promising for copyright, authentication, and ownership issues. This chapter reviews wavelet-based medical image watermarking techniques, the attacks on medical images, and the performance measures. A few existing state of the art are discussed for limitations, level of security, and robustness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Singh A, Dutta MK (2017) A robust zero-watermarking scheme for tele-ophthalmological Applications. J King Saud Univ Comp Inform Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2017.12.008

  2. Rocek A, Slavicek K, Dostal O, Javornik M (2016) A new approach to fully-reversible watermarking in medical imaging with breakthrough visibility parameters. Biomed Signal Process Control 29:44–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Al-Otum HM, Al-Sowayan SS (2011) Color image watermarking based on self-embedded color permissibility with preserved high image quality and enhanced robustness. AEU-Int J Electron Commun 65(7):619–629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Al-Qershi OM, Khoo B (2009) Authentication and data hiding using a reversible ROI based watermarking scheme for DICOM images. Proc Int Conf Med Syst Eng (ICMSE) 38:829–834

    Google Scholar 

  5. Singh AK, Kumar B, Singh SK, Ghrera SP, Mohand A (2018) Multiple watermarking technique for securing online social network contents using Back Propagation Neural Network. Futur Gener Comput Syst 86:926–939

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Araghi TK, Manaf AA, Alarood A, Zainol AB (2018) Host feasibility investigation to improve robustness in hybrid DWT-SVD based image watermarking schemes. Adv Multimedia. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1609378

  7. Araghi TK, Manaf AA, Araghi SK (2018) A secure blind discrete wavelet transform based watermarking scheme using two-level singular value decomposition. Expert Syst Appl 112:208–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Araghi TK, Manaf AA (2019) An enhanced hybrid image watermarking scheme for security of medical and non-medical images based on DWT and 2-D SVD. Futur Gener Comput Syst 101:1223–1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.07.064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Arya P, Tomar DS, Dubey D (2015) A review on different digital watermarking techniques. Int J Signal Process Image Process Pattern Recogn 8:129–136

    Google Scholar 

  10. Asaad F, Qasim FM, Aspin R (2018) Digital watermarking: applicability for develo** trust in medical imaging workflows state of the art review. Comput Sci Rev 27:45–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bors AG, Pitas I (1994) Image watermarking using DCT domain constraints. Proc IEEE Int Conf Image Process 3:231–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Chandra DS (2002) Digital image watermarking using singular value decomposition. Proc 45th Midwest Symp Circuits Syst 3:264–267

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cox IJ, Kilian J, Leighton FT, Shamoon T (1997) Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia. IEEE Trans Image Process 6:1673–1687

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Cox IJ, Miller ML, Bloom JA, Fridrich J, Kalker T (2008) Digital watermarking and steganography. Morgan Kaufmann, Amsterdam. ISBN: 978-0-12-372585-1

    Google Scholar 

  15. Singh AK, Dave M, Mohan A (2015) Robust and secure multiple watermarking in wavelet domain, a special issue on advanced signal processing technologies and systems for healthcare applications (ASPTSHA). J Med Imaging Health Inf 5(2):406–414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Singh AK, Kumar B, Dave M, Mohan A (2014) Robust and imperceptible dual watermarking for telemedicine applications. Wirel Pers Commun 80(4):1415–1433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Sharma A, Singh AK, Ghrera SP (2017) Robust and secure multiple watermarking technique for medical images. Wirel Pers Commun 92(4):1611–1624

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Singh AK, Dave M, Mohan A (2015) Hybrid technique for robust and imperceptible multiple watermarking using medical images. J Multimedia Tools Appl 75(14):8381–8401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Giakoumaki A, Pavlopoulos S, Koutsouris D (2006) Multiple image watermarking applied to health information management. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed 10(4):722–732

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hartung F, Ramme F (2000) Digital rights management and watermarking of multimedia content for m-commerce applications. IEEE Commun Mag 38(11):78–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Gunjal BL, Mali SN (2012) Applications of digital image watermarking in industries. CSI Commun:5–7

    Google Scholar 

  22. Singh AK, Kumar B, Dave M, Ghrera SP, Mohan A (2016) Digital image watermarking: techniques and emerging applications. In: Handbook of research on modern cryptographic solutions for computer and cyber security. IGI Global, USA, pp 246–272

    Google Scholar 

  23. Singh AK, Dave M, Mohan A (2014) Wavelet based image watermarking: futuristic concepts in information security. Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect A Phys Sci 84(3):345–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. http://www.digitalwatermarkingalliance.org/faqs.asp (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Cox IJ, Miller ML (1997) Review of watermarking and the importance of perceptual modeling. Proc of Electron Imaging SPIE :92–99

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ejima M, Myazaki A (2001) On the evaluation of performance of digital watermarking in the frequency domain. Proc IEEE Int Conf Image Proc:546–549

    Google Scholar 

  27. Gangadhar Y, GiridharAkula VS, Chenna RP (2018) An evolutionary programming approach for securing medical images using watermarking scheme in invariant discrete wavelet transformation. Biomed Signal Process Control 43:31–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kasana G, Kasana SS (2017) Reference based semi blind image watermarking scheme in wavelet domain. Optik 142:191–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Abdallah HA, Ghazy RA, Kasban H, Faragallah OS, Shaalan AA, Hadhoud MM, Dessouky MI, El-Fishawy NA, Alshebeili SA, Abd El-Samie FE (2014) Homomorphic image watermarking with a singular value decomposition algorithm. Inf Process Manag 50(6):909–923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Haouzia A, Noumeir R (2008) Methods for image authentication: a survey. Multimed Tools Appl 39(1):1–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Al-Otum HM (2014) Semi-fragile watermarking for gray scale image authentication and tamper detection based on an adjusted expanded bit multiscale quantization based technique. J Vis Commun Image Represent 25:1064–1081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Ansari IA, Pant M (2017) Multipurpose image watermarking in the domain of DWT based on SVD and ABC. Pattern Recogn Lett 94:228–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Joo S, Suh Y, Shin J, Kitkuchi H (2002) A new robust watermarking embedding into wavelet DC components. ETRI J 24:401–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kishore P, Rao M, Prasad C, Kumar D (2016) Medical image watermarking: run through review. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci 11(5):2882–2899

    Google Scholar 

  35. Kumar B, Singh H, Singh S, Mohan A (2011) Secure spread spectrum watermarking for telemedicine applications. J Inf Secur 2:91–98

    Google Scholar 

  36. Lagzian S, Soryani M, Fathy M (2011) A new robust watermarking scheme based on RDWT-SVD. Int J Intell Inf Process 2(1):22–29

    Google Scholar 

  37. Lai CC, Tsai CC (2010) Digital image watermarking using discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 59(11):3060–3063

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Lin S, Chen CF (2000) A robust DCT based watermarking for copyright protection. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 46(3):415–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Yang L, Shanyu T, Ran L, Li** Z, Ma Z (2018) Secure and robust digital image watermarking scheme using logistic and RSA encryption. Expert Syst Appl 97:95–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Mahmood A (2015) Adaptive approaches for medical imaging security Ph.D. Thesis 2015, University of Guelph, Canada

    Google Scholar 

  41. Li M, RadhaPoovendran SN (2005) Protecting patient privacy against unauthorized release of medical images in a group communication environment. Comput Med Imaging Graph 29:367–383

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Anurag M, CharuAgarwal AS, Bedi P (2014) Optimized gray-scale image watermarking using DWT-SVD and firefly algorithm. Expert Syst Appl 41(17):7858–7867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Mothi R, Karthikeyan (2018) Protection of bio medical iris image using watermarking and cryptography with WPT. Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.12.030

  44. Nagpal S, Bhushan S, Mahajan M (2016) An enhanced digital image watermarking scheme for medical images using neural network, DWT and RSA. Int J Mod Educ Comput Sci 4:46–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Makbol NM, EeKhoo B (2013) Robust blind image watermarking scheme based on redundant discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. AEU Int J Electron Commun 67:102–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Nguyen TS, Chang CC, Yang XQ (2016) A reversible image authentication scheme based on fragile watermarking in discrete wavelet transform domain. AEU-Int J Electron Commun 70(8):1055–1061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Osama S (2013) Faragallah. Efficient video watermarking based on singular value decomposition in the discrete wavelet transform domain. AEU-Int J Electron Commun 67:189–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Potdar VM, Han S, Chang E (2004) A survey of digital image watermarking techniques. In: INDIN’05, 3rd IEEE international conference on industrial informatics, IEEE Explore, pp 709–716

    Google Scholar 

  49. Rathi S, Inamdar V (2012) Medical images authentication through watermarking preserving ROI. Health Inf Int J 1(1):27–42

    Google Scholar 

  50. Roy R, Ahmed T, Changder S (2018) Watermarking through image geometry change tracking. Vis Inform 2(2):125–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Reddy VP, Varadarajan S (2010) An effective wavelet-based watermarking scheme using human visual system for protecting copyrights of digital images. Int J Comput Electr Eng 2(1):32–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Thanki R, Borra S, Dwivedi V, Borisagar K (2017) An efficient medical image watermarking scheme based on FDCuT–DCT. Eng Sci Technol Int J 20:1366–1379

    Google Scholar 

  53. Bal SN, Nayak MR, Sarka SK (2018) On the implementation of a secured watermarking mechanism based on cryptography and bit pairs matching. J King Saud Univ Comp Inform Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2018.04.006

  54. Singh SP, Bhatnagar G (2018) A new robust watermarking system in integer DCT domain. J Vis Commun Image Represent 53:86–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Schyndle RGV, Tirkle AZ, Osbrone CF (1994) A digital watermark. Proc IEEE Int Conf Image Process 1994(2):86–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Shen H, Chen B (2012) From single watermark to dual watermark: a new approach for image watermarking. Comput Electr Eng 38(5):1310–1324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Rudko SC (2002) Hidden bits: a survey of techniques for digital watermarking. Independent Study, EER-290, spring

    Google Scholar 

  58. Singh A, Dave M, Mohan A (2014) Hybrid technique for robust and imperceptible dual watermarking using error correcting codes for application in telemedicine. Int J Electron Secur Digit Forensics 6(4):285–305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Suryavanshi HE, Mishra A, Kumar S (2013) Digital image watermarking in wavelet domain. Int J Electr Comput Eng 3(1):1–6

    Google Scholar 

  60. Sweldens W (1995) The lifting scheme: a new philosophy in biorthogonal wavelet constructions. Wavelet Appl Signal Image Process III SPIE 2569:68–79

    Google Scholar 

  61. Thakkar F, Srivastava V (2017) A blind medical image watermarking: DWT-SVD based robust and secure approach for telemedicine applications. Multimed Tools Appl 76(3):3669–3697

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Thankia R, Borisagar K (2015) Sparse watermarking technique for improving security of biometric system. Procedia Comput Sci 70:251–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Thilagavathi N, Saravanan D, Kumarakrishnan S, Punniakodi S, Amudhavel J, Prabu U. A survey of reversible watermarking techniques, application and attacks. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Advanced Research in Computer Science Engineering and Technology (ICARCSET 2015), p 37

    Google Scholar 

  64. Fan T-Y, Chao H-C, Chieu B-C (2019) Lossless medical image watermarking method based on significant difference of cellular automata transform coefficient. Signal Process Image Commun 70:174–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Venkatram N, Reddy LSS, Kishore PVV (2014) Blind medical image watermarking with LWT – SVD for telemedicine applications. WSEAS Trans Signal Process 10:288–300

    Google Scholar 

  66. Wang Z, Bovik AC, Sheikh HR, Simoncelli EP (2004) Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans Image Process 13:600–612

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Favorskaya MN, Savchina EI (2019) Digital watermarking of 3D medical visual objects. Int Arch Photogram Remote Sens Spat Inform Sci, XLII–2/W12

    Google Scholar 

  68. Yu Z, Ip HHS, Kwok LF (2003) A robust watermarking scheme for 3D triangular mesh models. Pattern Recogn 36(11):2603–2614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Wang K, Lavoue G, Denis F, Baskurt A (2011) Robust and blind mesh watermarking based on volume moments. Comput Graph 35(1):1–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Arumugham S, Rajagopalan S, Rayappan JBB, Amirtharajan R (2018) Networked medical data sharing on secure medium – a web publishing mode for DICOM viewer with three layer authentication. J Biomed Inform 86:90–105

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Pan W, Bouslimi D, Karasad M, Cozic M, Coatrieux G (2018) Imperceptible reversible watermarking of radiographic images based on quantum noise masking. Comput Methods Prog Biomed 160:119–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Wu HC, Chang CC (2005) A novel digital image watermarking scheme based on the vector quantization technique. Comput Secur 24(6):460–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge all the researchers who have been cited in this chapter and also contributed in the field of medical image watermarking.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no potential conflict of interest in this chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of CSE, Jerusalem College of Engineering, Chennai, India

    Nagarajan Sangeetha & X. Anita

  2. School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Chennai, India

    Rajangam Vijayarajan

Authors
  1. Nagarajan Sangeetha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. X. Anita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rajangam Vijayarajan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rajangam Vijayarajan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Sairam Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    E. Priya

  2. Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    V. Ra**ikanth

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sangeetha, N., Anita, X., Vijayarajan, R. (2021). Medical Image Watermarking: A Review on Wavelet-Based Methods. In: Priya, E., Ra**ikanth, V. (eds) Signal and Image Processing Techniques for the Development of Intelligent Healthcare Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6141-2_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation