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Genomic Instability and Cancer Metastasis

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'Essentials of Cancer Genomic, Computational Approaches and Precision Medicine

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Abstract

Intracellular and environmental agents are the genotoxic agents that cause toxicity in genome and are the main reason of genomic instability. Genome instability is the primary cause of cancer. In order to encounter the damage caused by endogenous or exogenous agents, there are cell cycle checkpoints that strictly regulate the replication of DNA. They also check and control proper distribution of chromosomes between two sister chromatids during cell division. DNA repair pathways; DNA damage response genes that trigger the repairing pathways, e.g., excision repair pathways (NER, BER, and DNA mismatch repair); and double-strand base repair pathway also correct damages and thus ensure integrity and survival of genome. Microsatellite, chromosomal, and nucleotide instabilities are the main transitions in cancer cells from normal that promote tumor metastasis caused by these toxic agents. Epigenome of individual (specific inherited patterns or changes that modify gene expression without affecting other sequences) plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of DNA, e.g., DNA methylation and histone modification, but the mutations or instability in these patterns can promote tumorigenesis. For diagnosis of large-scale and small-scale tumorigenesis, there are different techniques, e.g., FISH, AP-PCR, ISSR-PCR, and array CGH; they provide us the wide spectrum of therapeutic opportunities for characterizing the individual’s tumor.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima **nah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Hira Gull & Nosheen Masood

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  1. Hira Gull
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  2. Nosheen Masood
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fatima **nah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Nosheen Masood

  2. Fatima **nah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Saima Shakil Malik

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Gull, H., Masood, N. (2020). Genomic Instability and Cancer Metastasis. In: Masood, N., Shakil Malik, S. (eds) 'Essentials of Cancer Genomic, Computational Approaches and Precision Medicine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1067-0_6

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