Abstract
The classic model of the prey-predator system is described by Lotka-Volterra (L-V) equations. In the simplest case of two species, the prey population (e.g., rabbits) grows according to the birth-and-death process. The growth would be exponential, but there is a limitation: the predator (e.g., wolves) is eating rabbits. The population of wolves grows when they have food, but if there are few rabbits available, the wolves die. Denote the rabbit population size as x1 and the wolves as x2. The classical form of two-species Lotka-Volterra equations is as follows:
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Raczynski, S. (2020). Prey-Predator Models Revisited: Uncertainty, Herd Instinct, Fear, Limited Food, Epidemics, Evolution, and Competition. In: Interacting Complexities of Herds and Social Organizations. Evolutionary Economics and Social Complexity Science, vol 19. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9337-2_8
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