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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanism in the Human Enteric Protozoan Parasite Entamoeba histolytica

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Oxidative Stress in Microbial Diseases

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Abstract

Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal protozoan parasite that causes amebic dysentery and liver abscess in millions of inhabitants of endemic areas. E. histolytica trophozoites are exposed to highly toxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during tissue invasion. The capacity of E. histolytica trophozoites to survive reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is integral to its pathogenic potential and disease outcome. E. histolytica lacks most of the components of canonical eukaryotic anti-oxidative defense systems including catalase, glutathione, and its metabolic enzymes, and L-cysteine is the major intracellular low molecular mass thiol. However, this parasite possesses a functional thioredoxin system composed of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, which is critical for maintaining cellular redox balance and antioxidant function. Major enzymes involved in the redox balancing and the antioxidative pathways have been proven to be essential for the pathogen and, therefore, fulfill the prerequisite for a potential drug target. In this chapter, we summarized the currently available knowledge on the oxidative/nitrosative stress during E. histolytica infections, redox regulation and detoxification mechanisms for oxidative and nitrosative species in E. histolytica, and its potential use as a target for drug discovery against amebiasis.

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  1. Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Ghulam Jeelani & Tomoyoshi Nozaki

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  1. Ghulam Jeelani
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  2. Tomoyoshi Nozaki
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Correspondence to Tomoyoshi Nozaki .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Tapati Chakraborti

  3. Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay

  4. National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India

    Chandrima Shaha

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Jeelani, G., Nozaki, T. (2019). Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanism in the Human Enteric Protozoan Parasite Entamoeba histolytica. In: Chakraborti, S., Chakraborti, T., Chattopadhyay, D., Shaha, C. (eds) Oxidative Stress in Microbial Diseases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8763-0_11

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