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Evolving Immunotherapy Approaches for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Molecular Diagnosis and Targeting for Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancy

Part of the book series: Current Human Cell Research and Applications ((CHCRA))

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious therapeutic challenge, with poor prognosis. Therapeutic options for HCC are limited, particularly for the patients at advanced stage who are not eligible for curative therapies such as radio-frequency ablation (RFA), hepatectomy, or hepatic transplantation. Thus, novel approaches are urgently needed for the treatment of this prevalent malignancy. Recent advance in cancer immunotherapy such as immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized the landscape of cancer therapy, and the efficacy of several classes of immunotherapy has been tested in clinical trials. The current issue reviewed the current status of immunotherapy for HCC as well as the unique tolerogenic character of liver immune system and the immune evasion mechanisms of HCC. Taking into the account of the immunosuppressive forces operating in the hepatic tumor microenvironment—combination therapies of different strategies might be encouraged for achieving optimal clinical outcome.

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Abbreviations

ACT:

Adoptive cell transfer

AE:

Adverse event

AFP:

α-Fetoprotein

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

APC:

Antigen-presenting cell

AST:

Aminotransferase

CAR:

Chimeric antigen receptor

CIK:

Cytokine-induced killer cell

CTL:

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte

CTLA-4:

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein-4

DC:

Dendritic cell

DCR:

Disease control rate

DFS:

Disease-free survival

GITR:

Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein

GPC3:

Glypican-3

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

IDO:

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

IFN:

Interferon

KC:

Kupffer cell

KIR:

Killer inhibitory receptor

LAG3:

Lymphocyte-activation gene 3

LSEC:

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell

MART-1:

Melanoma-associated antigen recognized by T cells-1

MDSC:

Myeloid-derived suppressor cell

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

OS:

Overall survival

PD-1:

Programmed cell death protein-1

PR:

Partial response rate

RECIST:

Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors

RFA:

Radio-frequency ablation

RFS:

Recurrence-free survival

TAA:

Tumor-associated antigens

TACE:

Transarterial chemoembolization

TAM:

Tumor-associated macrophage

TCR:

T cell receptor

TERT:

Telomerase reverse transcriptase

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

TIL:

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte

TIM-3:

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3

Treg:

Regulatory T cell

TTP:

Time to progression

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  1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, 606-8501, Japan

    Ken Takahashi & Hiroyuki Marusawa

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  1. Ken Takahashi
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  2. Hiroyuki Marusawa
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Correspondence to Ken Takahashi .

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  1. Department of Nanobio Drug Discovery, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

    Yutaka Shimada

  2. Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Katsuhiko Yanaga

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© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Takahashi, K., Marusawa, H. (2018). Evolving Immunotherapy Approaches for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In: Shimada, Y., Yanaga, K. (eds) Molecular Diagnosis and Targeting for Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancy. Current Human Cell Research and Applications. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6469-2_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6469-2_6

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-6468-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-6469-2

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