Assessment Model of the Effectiveness of Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction Measures: A Case of Shenzhen

Abstract

With the continuous development of urbanization, a large number of construction and demolition wastes (CDW) caused by the construction projects have become increasingly prominent, and CDW reduction is one of the effective means to improve the status quo. In recent years, CDW reduction has been one of research focuses in both industrial and academic areas. However, previous researches mainly pay attention to reduction measures while the effectiveness of these measures is seldom. In addition, most of the existing studies use static methods, lacking of consideration of the mutual influences between the various factors in the reduction system. Therefore, based on system dynamics theory, the paper developed a dynamic model to assess the effect of the key measures for CDW reduction. Firstly, on the basis of literature review, this paper identified 11 key measures mainly from the aspects of management, techniques and stakeholders’ motivation. Secondly, a model to evaluate the effectiveness of waste reduction measures was established via Vensim software. Finally, the real data of Shenzhen were used to conduct a case study and a scenario simulation analysis. The simulation results show that the model is valid and robust which can be used for quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of CDW reduction measures and serve as a valuable decision support tool to management departments.

Appendix1

No.	Abbreviations	Variable name	Variable type
1	CDWR	CDW Reduction	Auxiliary Variable
2	CDWRR	CDW Reduction Rate	Auxiliary Variable
3	CFA	Constructed Floor Area	Auxiliary Variable
4	CS	Classification and Sorting	Parameter
5	CT	Construction Technologies	Stock
6	CW	Construction Waste	Auxiliary Variable
7	CWPFA	Construction Waste Per Floor area	Parameter
8	DFA	Demolished Floor Area	Auxiliary Variable
9	DW	Demolition Waste	Auxiliary Variable
10	DWPFA	Demolition Waste Per Floor Area	Parameter
11	EIE	Economic Incentives from Enterprise	Parameter
12	ETRA	Education and Training on Reduction for Architects	Parameter
13	ETRCW	Education and Training on Reduction for Construction Workers	Parameter
14	GCDW	Generated CDW	Stock
15	GDP	GDP	Stock
16	GEI	Governmental Economic Incentives	Parameter
17	ICDW	Increased CDW	Flow
18	ICS	Impact of Classification and Sorting	Auxiliary Variable
19	ICT	Impact of Construction Technologies	Auxiliary Variable
20	IEI	Impact of Economic Incentives	Auxiliary Variable
21	IEIE	Impact of Economic Incentives from Enterprise	Auxiliary Variable
22	IETR	Impact of Education and Training on Reduction	Auxiliary Variable
23	IETRA	Impact of Education and Training on Reduction for Architects	Auxiliary Variable
24	IETRCW	Impact of Education and Training on Reduction for Construction Workers	Auxiliary Variable
25	IGDP	Increasing GDP	Flow
26	IGEI	Impact of Governmental Economic Incentives	Auxiliary Variable
27	II	Increasing Initiative	Flow
28	IICDWR	Impact of Initiative on CDW Reduction	Auxiliary Variable
29	IIR	Initiative Increasing Rate	Auxiliary Variable
30	ILCF	Impact of Landfill Charging Fee	Auxiliary Variable
31	IMD	Impact of Modular Design	Auxiliary Variable
32	IP	Impact of Prefabrications	Auxiliary Variable
33	IRDC	Impact of Reducing Design Changes	Auxiliary Variable
34	IRGDP	Increasing Rate of GDP	Auxiliary Variable
35	IRLR	Impacts of Related Laws and Regulations	Auxiliary Variable
36	IRMPR	Impact of Related Management Policies on Reduction	Auxiliary Variable
37	IRTR	Increasing Rate of Technologies on Reduction	Auxiliary Variable
38	ISCDWP	Impact of Supervision of CDW Policy	Auxiliary Variable
39	ITR	Improvement of Technologies on Reduction	Flow
40	IUMT	Impact of Using Metal Template	Auxiliary Variable
41	LCF	Landfill Charging Fee	Parameter
42	MCDWM	Measures of CDW Management	Stock
43	MD	Modular Design	Parameter
44	MPM	Mandatory Policies and Measures	Flow
45	P	Prefabrications	Parameter
46	RCDW	Reduced CDW	Flow
47	RDC	Reducing Design Changes	Parameter
48	SCDWP	Supervision of CDW Policy	Parameter
49	SICDWR	Stakeholders’ Initiative on CDW Reduction	Stock
50	UMT	Using Metal Template	Parameter
51	W1	Weight 1	Parameter
52	W2	Weight 2	Parameter
53	WCS	Weight of Classification and Sorting	Parameter
54	WCT	Weight of Construction Technologies	Parameter
55	WICDWR	Weight of Initiative on CDW Reduction	Parameter
56	WLCF	Weight of Landfill Charging Fee	Parameter
57	WMD	Weight of Modular Design	Parameter
58	WP	Weight of Prefabrications	Parameter
59	WP1	Weight of Policy1	Parameter
60	WP2	Weight of Policy2	Parameter
61	WRDC	Weight of Reducing Design Changes	Parameter
62	WRMP	Weight of Related Management Policies	Parameter
63	WSCDWP	Weight of Supervision of CDW Policy	Parameter
64	WUMT	Weight of Using Metal Template	Parameter