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Immunotolerance and Immunoregulation

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Practical Immunodermatology

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Abstract

The immune system clears pathogens and microorganisms by responding to antigen stimulation under normal circumstances; this is often referred to as the positive immune response. In contrast, the immune system may develop “unresponsiveness” specific to certain antigens after antigen stimulation, which is often referred to as immunological tolerance (immunotolerance), or negative immune response. Antigens that can induce immunotolerance are generally known as tolerogens [1–4]. Immunotolerance can also be defined by the complete absence or partial inhibition of a potentially harmful adaptive immune response. It operates continuously in order to protect mammals not only from the deleterious attack of self-tissues, but also from the rejection of semiallogeneic offspring and uncontrolled immune responses against foreign antigens [5–9]. Immunotolerance can be classified into either natural immunotolerance or acquired immunotolerance based on the characteristics of its formation or it can be classified into either central tolerance or peripheral tolerance based on the stage and location of its formation.

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  1. Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China

    Haoyu Sun, Cheng Sun & Zhigang Tian

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  1. Dermatology, The first affiliated Hospital China Medical University, Shenyang, China

    **ng-Hua Gao

  2. Dermatology, The first affiliated Hospital China Medical University, Shenyang, China

    Hong-Duo Chen

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Sun, H., Sun, C., Tian, Z. (2017). Immunotolerance and Immunoregulation. In: Gao, XH., Chen, HD. (eds) Practical Immunodermatology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0902-4_4

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