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Alphavirus Vectors: Highly Efficient Systems for Transient Gene Expression

  • Chapter
Cell Engineering

Part of the book series: Cell Engineering ((CEEN,volume 2))

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Abstract

Alphaviruses are enveloped viruses containing a single positive strand RNA molecule as genome. Expression vectors based on alphaviruses have been developed from Sindbis virus (SIN), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus (VEE). Alphavirus self-replicating RNA containing heterologous genes can be synthesized in vitro from plasmids in which the recombinant alphavirus replicon cDNA sequences are under the control of a prokaryotic promoter. When this self-amplifying RNA is transfected into cells a high level expression of the heterologous proteins/RNA is obtained. The alphavirus vectors can be delivered directly as naked RNA, as naked DNA and as viral particles. In order to encapsidate the alphaviral recombinant RNA into particles, packaging systems have been developed which supply the structural proteins of the virus in trans. Delivery of alphavirus as naked DNA is based on DNA/RNA layered vectors in which the recombinant replicon is transcribed from an RNA polymerase-II promoter in the nucleus of the transfected cell. Alphavirus vectors have been used to express proteins with many different purposes, which include large-scale production, characterization, functional studies and virus assembly. The ability of alphavirus to infect neurons has opened many possibilities for the study of protein function in these cells. In addition, alphavirus vectors can also be used for gene delivery in vivo with potential applications in vaccination and gene therapy, although some improvements in the present technology are necessary for this latter purpose. Alphavirus sequences have also been used to engineer cell lines for diagnostic virus detection.

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  1. Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Box 280, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden

    C. Smerdou & P. Liljeström

  2. Department of Vaccine Research, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, S-17182, Solna, Sweden

    P. Liljeström

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  1. C. Smerdou
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  1. School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK

    Mohamed Al-Rubeai

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Smerdou, C., Liljeström, P. (2000). Alphavirus Vectors: Highly Efficient Systems for Transient Gene Expression. In: Al-Rubeai, M. (eds) Cell Engineering. Cell Engineering, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4315-8_7

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