Counting and Narrating: A Methodological Dialogue of Medieval Literature and History

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Abstract

Narration is almost indispensable for our understanding of the world. Narratives lend structure to what was previously disordered: they capture found or given events and knowledge, place them in logical contexts of order and action, and thus make the world tangible and representable. As a central cultural technique, the narration is closely related to numerical knowledge and the act of counting, as shown by the direct conceptual relations of the expressions ‘counting’ and ‘narrating’ in German, English and Dutch, but also in French, Italian and Spanish. This not only points to the fact that aspects of quantitative and discursive information-giving are essentially related. ‘Counting’ and ‘narration’ thus also share the idea of world appropriation as a “linguistic and poetic act” : in both cases, information is dissected, arranged, summarized, but at the same time also selected, referred to and assigned significance.

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Notes

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    Wedell, M. (2011). Zählen. Semantische und praxeologische Studien zum numerischen Wissen im Mittelalter. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, p. 13.

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    Kiening, C. (2005). Alterität und Methode. Begründungsmöglichkeiten fachlicher Identität. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Germanistenverbandes 52, pp. 150–166, here p. 162.

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    Cf. Worstbrock, F. J. (1999). Wiedererzählen und Übersetzen. In W. Haug (Ed.), Mittelalter und Frühe Neuzeit. Übergänge, Umbrüche und Neuansätze (pp. 128–142). Tübingen: Niemeyer.

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    Schulz, A. (2012). Erzähltheorie in mediävistischer Perspektive. In M. Braun, A. Dunkel & J.-D. Müller. (Eds.), Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter, p. 184.

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    Scheffel, M. (2011). Formalistische und strukturalistische Theorien. In M. Martínez (Ed.), Handbuch Erzählliteratur. Theorie, Analyse, Geschichte (pp. 106–114). Stuttgart / Weimar: Metzler, here p. 106.

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    Cf. e.g. Schmid-Cadalbert, C. (1985). Der ‚Ortnit AW‘ als Brautwerbungsdichtung. Ein Beitrag zum Verständnis mittelhochdeutscher Schemaliteratur. Bern: Francke.

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    Martínez, M. (1997). Erzählschema. In K. Weimar et al. (Eds.), Reallexikon der deutschen Literaturwissenschaft. Vol. 1. (pp. 506–509). Berlin / New York: De Gruyter, here p. 506.

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    Müller-Funk, W. (2007). Die Kultur und ihre Narrative. Eine Einführung. 2nd, revised and enlarged ed. Vienna / New York: Springer, p. 45.

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    Cf. Fulda, D. et al. (Eds.) (2011). Kulturmuster der Aufklärung. Ein neues Heuristikum in der Diskussion. Göttingen: Wallstein.

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    Semmler, H. (1991). Listmotive in der mittelhochdeutschen Epik: Zum Wandel ethischer Normen im Spiegel der Literatur. Berlin: Erich Schmidt, Preface.

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    Historia est narratio rei gestae, per quam ea, quae in praeterito facta sunt, dinoscuntur. Isidore of Seville (1911), Etymologiae sive origins libri XX. ed. W.M. Lindsay, 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendenon Press, Liber I, 41. Goetz, H.-W. (1985). Die ‚Geschichte‘ im Wissenschaftssystem des Mittelalters”. In F.-J. Schmale (Ed.), Funktion und Formen mittelalterlicher Geschichtsschreibung (pp. 165–213). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, here pp. 186 f.

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    Vollrath, H. (2007). Der Investiturstreit begann im Jahr 1100. England und die Päpste in der späten Salierzeit. In B. Schneidmüller & S. Weinfurter (Eds.), Salisches Kaisertum und neues Europa. Die Zeit Heinrichs IV. und Heinrichs V (pp. 217–244). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, here pp. 219–221. Krüger, T. M. (2002). Persönlichkeitsausdruck und Persönlichkeitswahrnehmung im Zeitalter der Investiturkonflikte. Studien zu den Briefsammlungen des Anselm von Canterbury. Diss. Phil. Fak.,Univ. Freiburg (Breisgau)., pp. 30–34.

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    Ibid., pp. 71–82, 231–233; Vaughn, S.N. (1987). Anselm of Bec and Robert of Meulan. The Innocence of the Dove and the Wisdom of the Serpent. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, pp. 132–140, 149 ff, 214 ff; Southern, R. W. (1990). Saint Anselm. A Portrait in a Landscape. Cambridge: Univ. Press, pp. 233 ff.; Niskanen, S. (2011). The Letter Collections of Anselm of Canterbury. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 29–30.

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    Lemercier, C. (2012). Formale Methoden der Netzwerkanalyse in den Geschichtswissenschaften: Warum und Wie? Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften 23(1), pp. 16–41, here pp. 30–36; Gramsch, R. (2013). Das Reich als Netzwerk der Fürsten. Politische Strukturen unter dem Doppelkönigtum Friedrichs II. und Heinrichs (VII.) 1225−1235. Ostfildern: Thorbecke, pp. 21–34.

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    Ibid., pp. 21–34. Jansen, D. (2006). Einführung in die Netzwerkanalyse. Grundlagen Methoden, Forschungsbeispiele. Wiesbaden: Verlag für Sozialwiss, pp. 11–33.

  17. 17.

    Ibid., pp. 91–99. Mathematically, graphs are defined as a set of nodes (e.g. actors, companies, texts, artifacts) and a set of edges (connections between the nodes). It is assumed that the connections between the network elements, the nodes, are neither purely regular nor purely random. Instead, networks are determined by the particular distribution in occurrence of their elements or nodes (degree distribution), by a cluster coefficient (measure of clique formation), and by a particular community structure or distinct hierarchical structure.

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    Cf. Rosé, I. (2011). Reconstitution, représentation graphique et analyse des réseaux de pouvoir au haut Moyen Âge: Approche des pratiques sociales de l’aristocratie à partir de l’exemple d’Odon de Cluny († 942). REDES—Revista hispana para el análisis de redes sociales 21, pp. 199–272, here pp. 206–209.

  19. 19.

    Jansen, D. (2006). Einführung in die Netzwerkanalyse. Grundlagen Methoden, Forschungsbeispiele. Wiesbaden: Verlag für Sozialwiss, pp. 11–33.

  20. 20.

    Cf. exemplary Cook, Th. D. & Reichhardt, C. S. (Eds.). (1979). Qualitative and quantitative methods in evaluation research. Beverly Hills et al: Sage, p. 10.

  21. 21.

    Kiening, C. (2006). Gegenwärtigkeit. Historische Semantik und mittelalterliche Literatur. Scientia Poetica, vol. 10 (pp. 19–46), here p. 22.

  22. 22.

    Neuenschwander, E. (2003). Einführung. In Ders (Ed.), Wissenschaft zwischen Qualitas und Quantitas (pp. 1–32). Basel et al.: Birkhäuser, here p. 2.

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Lauer, C., Pacyna, J. (2023). Counting and Narrating: A Methodological Dialogue of Medieval Literature and History. In: Schweiker, M., Hass, J., Novokhatko, A., Halbleib, R. (eds) Measurement and Understanding in Science and Humanities. Palgrave Macmillan, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36974-3_3

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