Abstract
In the early 1980s, the explanations suggested for the so-called “forest decline” mainly involved the various forms of air pollution and, secondarily, the more-or-less direct effects of this pollution on soils. However, while this explanation alone seemed relatively clear and sufficient in the cases of severe dieback with nearby sources of heavy pollution, such as in the Ore Mountains, the role of regional air pollution in more widespread but less acute declines was yet to be convincingly established, despite numerous studies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Badoux S (1986) Tables de production pour le Sapin en Suisse. Birmensdorf (Switzerland): Eidgenossische Anstalt für das forstliche Versuchswesen
Becker M (1987) Bilan de santé actuel et rétrospectif du sapin (Abies alba Mill.) dans les Vosges. Etude écologique et dendrochronologique. Ann Sci For 44:379–402
Becker M (1989a) The role of climate on present and past vitality of silver fir forests in the Vosges mountains of northeastern France. Can J For Res 19:1110–1117
Becker M (1989b) Le dépérissement des forêts: importance du climat et de la sylviculture. C R Acad Agr Fr 75(5): 11–28
Becker M (1992) Deux indices de compétition pour la comparaison de la croissance en hauteur et en diamètre d’arbres aux passés sylvicoles variés et inconnus. Ann Sci For 49:25–37
Becker M, Lévy G (1988) A propos du dépérissement des forêts: climat, sylviculture et vitalité de la sapinière vosgienne. Rev For Fr 40:345–358
Becker M, Landmann G, Lévy G (1989a) Importance des facteurs climatiques, sylvicoles et stationnels dans le dépérissement du sapin dans le Massif Vosgien (N.E. France). In: Bucher JB, Bucher-Wallin I (eds) Air Pollution and Forest Decline. Proc. 14th Int. Meeting for Specialists in Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems, Interlaken, Switzerland, Oct. 2-8, 1988. Birmensdorf, pp 227–282
Becker M, Landmann G, Lévy G (1989b) Silver fir decline in the Vosges Mountains (N.E. France): role of climate and silviculture. Water Air Soil Pollut 48:77–86
Becker M, Braeker OU, Kenk G, Schneider O, Schweingruber FH (1990) Kronenzustand und Wachstum von Waldbäumen im Dreiländereck Deutschland-Frankreich-Schweiz in den letzten Jahrzehnten. Allg Forstz 11:263–266, 272-274.
Becker M, Bert GD, Bouchon J, Dupouey JL, Picard JF, Ulrich E (1995) Long-term changes in forest productivity in northeastern France: the dendroecological approach. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Bert GD (1992) Influence du climat, des facteurs stationnels et de la pollution sur la croissance et l’état sanitaire du Sapin (Abies alba Mill.) dans le massif du Jura. Etude phytoécologique et dendrochronologique. Thèse Univ Nancy 1, p 200 + ann
Bert GD (1993) Impact of ecological factors, climatic stresses and pollution on growth and health of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the Jura Mountains: an ecological and dendrochronological study. Acta Oecol 14:229–246
Bonneau M (1989) Etude de la nutrition minérale du sapin et d’épicéas jaunissants du Jura central et méridional. Journées de travail DEFORPA, Nancy-Paris, France, fév.-mars 989, vol 3, pp 6.4 bis.l-6.4 bis.16.
Bräker OU, Z’Graggen S (1987) Tree-ring analysis in Swiss forest decline study of 1984. In: Workshop on Forest Decline an Reproduction. Regional and Global Consequences. Krakow, Poland, 23–31 March 1987, pp 1–8
Commarmot B, Schneider O (1988) Einfluss der Waldschäden auf die Rohholzproduktion der Schweiz. Schlussbericht des Projektes Nr 4.966-086.12, Institut für Wald und Holzforschung, Zürich, 99 pp.
Cook ER, Johnson AH, Biasing TJ (1987) Forest decline: modelling the effect of climate in tree rings. Tree Physiol 3:27–40
Cramer HH, Cramer-Middendorf M (1984) Studies on the relationships between periods of damage and factors of climate in the Middle European forests since 1851. Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten Bayer 37:208–334
Dambrine E, Ulrich E, Cenac N, Durand P, Gauquelin T, Mirabel P, Nys C, Probst A, Ranger J, Zephoris M (1995a) Atmospheric deposition in France and possible relation with forest decline. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Dambrine E, Bonneau M, Ranger J, Mohamed AD, Nys C (1995b) Cycling and budgets of acidity and nutrients in Norway spruce stands in northeastern France and the Erzgebirge (Czech Republic). In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Dambrine E, Granier A, Lévy G (1995c) Water regime and magnesium deficiency: manipulative experiments in young Norway spruce stands. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Delatour C (1989) Impact de l’Annulaire sur le système racinaire du Sapin au cours de l’évolution du peuplement. Journées de travail DEFORPA, Nancy et Paris, 23 fév., 2, 3 et 23 mars 1989, vol. 4, pp 9.2.1–9.2.9
Delatour C, Guillaumin JJ (1995) Role of Armillaria in the decline of silver fir in the Vosges and Massif Central (Short Report). In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Eckstein D, Sass U (1989) Dendroecological assessment of decline and recovery of fir and spruce in the Bavarian forest. In: Bucher JB, Bucher-Wallin I (eds) Air Pollution and Forest Decline. Proc. 14th Int. Meeting for Specialists in Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems, Interlaken, Switzerland, Oct. 2-8, 1988. Birmensdorf, pp 255–260
Gerecke KL (1986) Zuwachsuntersuchungen an vorherrschenden Tannen aus Baden-Württemberg. Allg Forst Jagdztg 157:59–68
Gerecke KL (1990) “Tannensterben” und “Neuartige Waldschäden”. Ein Beitrag aus der Sicht der Waldwachstumskunde. Allg Forst Jagdztg 161:81–96
Grève U, Eckstein D, Aniol RW, Scholz F (1986) Dendroklimatische Untersuchungen an Fichten unterschiedlicher Immissionsbelastung in Nordostbayern. Allg Forst Jagdztg 157:174–179
Guillaumin JJ, Douarre B, Pierson J (1989) Etude de quelques aspects du dépérissement du sapin pectiné en Auvergne. Journées de travail DEFORPA, Nancy et Paris, 23 fév., 2, 3 et 23 mars 1989, vol. 4, pp 9.1.1–9.1.15
Hamburg SP, Cogbill CV (1988) Historical decline of red spruce populations and climatic warming. Nature 331:428–430
Innés JL, Neumann H (1991) Past growth variations in Picea siichensis with differing crown densities. Scand J For Res 6:395–405
Jaworski A (1982) Fir regression in Polish mountain areas. Eur J For Path 12:143–149
Jones PD, Raper SCB, Bradley RS, Diaz HF, Kelly PM, Wigley TML (1986) Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature variations: 1851-1984. Climate Appl Meteorol 25:161–179
Kenk G (1990) Effects of air pollution on forest growth in southwestern Germany-Hunting for a phantom? Proc 19. IUFRO World Congress, Montreal, Canada, Aug. 5-11 1990, vol 2, pp 388–395
Kenk G (1993) Growth in “declining” forests of Baden-Württemberg (southwestern Germany). In: Huettl RF, Mueller-Dombois D (eds) Forest Decline in the Atlantic and Pacific Regions. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 202–215.
Kenk G, Fischer H (1988) Evidence from nitrogen fertilization in the forests of Germany. Env Poll 54:199–218
Kramer H (1986) Dégêts dans les couronnes et accroissements dans les peuplements forestiers résineux frappés par le récent “dépérissement des forêts”. Rev For Fr 38:124–132
Landmann G (1988) Evaluation de l’incidence des conditions écologiques sur le dépérissement et premiers résultats d’une approche symptomatologique. Journées de travail DEFORPA, Nancy, 24-26 fév. 1988, 2.03-2.48
Landmann G (1989) Symptomatologie du dépérissement dans les Vosges: le cas des sapins adultes et des jeunes épicéas. Journées de travail DEFORPA, Nancy et Paris, 23 fév., 2, 3 et 23 mars 1989, vol. 1, pp 2.1.1–2.1.6
Landmann G (1993) Role of climate, stand dynamics and past management in forest declines: a review of ten years of field ecology in France. In Huettl RF, Mueller-Dombois D (eds) Forest Decline in the Atlantic and Pacific Region. Springer, Berlineidelberg New York, pp 18–39
Landmann G, Bouhot-Delduc L (1995) Ground monitoring of crown condition of forest trees in the French mountains. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Landmann G, Bonneau M, Adrian M (1987) Le dépérissement du sapin pectiné et de l’épicéa commun dans le massif vosgien est-il en relation avec l’état nutritionnel despeuplements ? Rev For Fr 44:403–416
Landmann G, Bert GD, Pierrat JC, Becker M, Bonneau M., Souchier B (1995a) Crown damage in Norway spruce and silver fir: relation to site and stand factors in the French mountains. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Landmann G, Bonneau M, Bouhot-Delduc L, Fromard F, Chéret V, Dagnac J, Souchier B (1995b) Crown damage in Norway spruce and silver fir: relation to nutritional status and soil chemical characteristics in the French mountains. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Landmann G, Fabbri B (1989) Relations entre l’aspect des cimes, la croissance, les paramètres sylvicoles et stationnels. Le cas du sapin dans les Vosges. Journées de travail DEFORPA, Nancy et Paris, 23 fév., 2, 3 et 23 mars 1989, vol. 1, pp 3.6.1–3.6.17
Landmann G, Pierrat JC (in prep) Yellowing and height growth of young spruce and firtrees in acidic soils.
Lévy G, Becker M (1987) Le dépérissement du sapin dans les Vosges: rôprimordial de déficits d’alimentation en eau. Ann Sci For 44:403–416
Mayer H, Rall A (1989) Klimatische Verhältnisse in Bayern im Hinblick auf die neuartigen Walschäden. Proc 1. Statusseminar der PBWU zum Forschungsschwerpunkt “Waldschäden”, 27.02-01.03 1989, München-Neuherberg. GSF-Bericht 6/89:327–340
Peterson DL, Arbaugh MJ, Wakefield VA, Miller PR (1987) Evidence of growth reduction in ozone-injured Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. and Balf.) in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 37:906–912
Reams GA, Huso MMP (1990) Stand history: an alternative explanation of red spruce radial growth reduction. Can J For Res 20:250–253
Schweingruber FH (1986) Abrupt growth changes in conifers. IAWA Bull 7:277–283
Spiecker H (1987) Düngung, Niederschlag und der jährliche Volumenzuwachs einiger Fichtenbestände Südwestdeutschlands. Ergebnisse einer neuen Methode der Zuwachsermittlung. Allg Forst Jagdztg 158:70–76
Spiecker H (1991a) Growth variation and environmental stresses: long-term observations on permanent research plots in southwestern Germany. Water Air Soil Pollut 54:247–256
Spiecker H (1991b) Zur Dynamik des Wachstums von Tannen und Fichten auf Plenterwald-Versuchsflächen im Schwarzwald. Allg Forstz 21:1076–1080
Spiecker H (1992) Witterungsverlauf und Wachstum von Fichten und Tannen im Schwarzwald. KfK-PEF 94:321–330.
Tainter FH, Fraedrich SW, Benson DM (1984) The effect of climate on growth, decline, and death of northern red oaks in the western North Carolina Nantahala Mountains. Castanea 49:127–137
Ulrich E (1991) In: Pollution acide et dépérissement des forêts dans les montagnes françaises. Contrat CEE DG XII/INRA EV 4V 0014 F, rapport scientifique annuel, pp 4-5
Van Deusen PC (1990) Stands dynamics and red spruce decline. Can J For Res 20:743–749
Wegmann E (1984) Mögliche klimatische Einflüsse beim Weisstannensterben. Schweiz Z Forstwes 135:357–360.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Becker, M., Bert, G.D., Landmann, G., Lévy, G., Rameau, J.C., Ulrich, E. (1995). Growth and Decline Symptoms of Silver Fir and Norway Spruce in Northeastern France: Relation to Climate, Nutrition and Silviculture. In: Landmann, G., Bonneau, M., Kaennel, M. (eds) Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79535-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79535-0_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-79537-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79535-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive