Abstract
Alarming reports regarding the health of silver fir (Abies alba Mill., hereafter shortened to “fir”) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst., hereafter shortened to “spruce”) in the Vosges first became available in spring 1983. In fact, foresters had expressed concern about a possible silver fir dieback on the Alsatian slope of the Vosges as early as 1978. However, at that time a field visit by a group of ecologists concluded that damage could mostly be attributed to the impact of droughts, especially that of 1976, on over-mature stands (Becker et al. 1978). There was no consensus on the need or otherwise to launch extensive research in addition to that which was then being carried out into a severe dieback affecting oak in various French regions in the late 1970s.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abrahamsen G (1991) Hypotheses concerning the “new forest decline”. XIX IUFRO World Congress, Montréal, Canada, 1990/08/05-11, pp 151–163
Amat JP (1991) Diversité forestière de la France. In: Gadant J (ed) L’Atlas des Forêts de France. Ed. Jean-Pierre de Monza, Paris, pp 37–43
Becker M (1989) The role of climate on present and past vitality of silver fir forests in the Vosges mountains of northeastern France. Can J For Res 19:1110–1117
Becker M, Charles PJ, Delatour C, Lanier L (1978) A propos du dépérissement du sapin dans les Vosges alsaciennes. INRA Nancy, Internal report, p 5
Becker M, Bert GD, Bouchon J, Dupouey JL, Picard JF, Ulrich E (1995a) Long-term changes in forest productivity in northeastern France: the dendroecological approach. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Becker M, Bert GD, Landmann G, Lévy G, Rameau JC, Ulrich E (1995b) Growth and decline symptoms of silver fir and Norway spruce in northeastern France: relation to climate, nutrition and silviculture. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Bouhot L, Landmann G, Pierrat JC (1992) Appréciation visuelle de l’état des cimes des arbres forestiers par des notateurs de six pays méditerranéens. Ministère de l’agriculture et de la pêche. Département de la santé des forêts, Paris, unpublished manuscript, p 26
Buffet M (1987) Le réseau de surveillance sanitaire des forêts. Description — Problématique. In: Les recherches en France sur le dépérissement des forêts. Programme DEFORPA, 1er rapport. Engref, Nancy, pp 11–16
CEC-UN/ECE (1993) Forest condition in Europe. Results of the 192 survey. 1993 Report, Brussels, Geneva, p 77 + ann.
Cramer HH, Cramer-Middendorf M (1984) Untersuchungen über Zusammenhänge zwischen Schadensperioden und Klimafaktoren in mitteleuropäischen Forsten seit 1851. Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten Bayer 37(2):208–334
Dambrine E, Bonneau M, Ranger J, Mohamed AD, Nys C (1995) Cycling and budgets of acidity and nutrients in coniferous stands. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Duplat P (1985) Quelques questions à propos du réseau de surveillance du dépérissement des forêts en Fance. In: Schmid-Haas P (ed) IUFRO Conference, “Inventorying and monitoring endangered forests”. Zürich, Switzerland, 1985/08/19-24, pp 155–159
Fink S (1988) Histology and histochemistry of leaf fall. In: Cape JN, Mathy P (eds) Scientific Basis of Forest Decline Symptomatology (CEC Workshop, Air Pollution Research Report 15), pp 39-47
Flückiger W, Braun S (1992) Erkenntnisse aus Untersuchungen in Wald-Dauerbeobachtungsflächen. In: Schlaepfer R (ed) Forum für Wissen, Waldschadenforschung in der Schweiz: Stand der Kenntnisse. Birmensdorf, 1992/01/28-29 Eidgenössische Anstalt für das forstliche Versuchswesen, Birmensdorf, Switzerland, pp 35–37
Freer-Smith PH, Taylor G (1988) Abiotic factors, other than air pollution, responsible for premature yellowing and necrosis of tree foliage. In: Cape JN, Mathy P (eds) Scientific Basis of Forest Decline Symptomatology (CEC Workshop, Air Pollution Research Report 15), pp 107-12
Haemmerli F (1992) Waldkrankheiten in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. In: Schlaepfer R (ed) Forum für Wissen, Waldschadenforschung in der Schweiz: Stand der Kenntnisse. Birmensdorf, 1992/01/28-29 Eidgenössische Anstalt für d as forstliche Versuchswesen, Birmensdorf, Switzerland, pp 13–26
Haemmerli F, Schläpfer R (1993) Forest decline in Switzerland: A review. In: Hüttl RF, Mueller-Dombois D (eds), Forest decline in the Atlantic and Pacific region. Springer, Berlin, pp 3–17
Hanisch B, Kilz E (1990) Waldschäden erkennen (Fichte und Kiefer). Monitoring of forest damage (spruce and pine). Reconnaitre les dommages forestiers (épicéa et pin). Ulmer, Stuttgart/Helm, London, p 334
Houllier F, Pierrat JC (1992) Application des modèles statistiques spatio-temporels aux échantillonages forestiers successifs. Can J For Res 22:1988–1995
Hüttl RF, Mueller-Dombois D (eds) (1993) Forest decline in the Atlantic and Pacific region. Springer, Berlin, p 366 Innes JL (1988) Forest health surveys: problems in assessing observer objectivity. Can J For Res 18:560–565
Innes JL (1990) The role of quality assurance in the assessment of forest condition in Europe. In: Hart DR (coordinator) Proc. 3. Annual Ecological Quality Assurance Workshop, Burlington, Ontario, 1990/04/24-26. Canada Center for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario, pp 99–112
Innes JL (1991) High-altitude and high-latitude tree growth in relation to past, present and future global climate change. The Holocene 1-2:168–173
Innes JL (1993) Forest health: its assessment and status. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, p 677
Innes JL, Boswell RC (1988) Forest health surveys 1987. Part 2: Analysis and interpretation. Forestry Commission Bull 79. HMSO, London
Innes JL, Boswell RC (1989) Monitoring of forest condition in the United Kindgom 1988. Forestry Commission Bull 88. HMSO, London
Innes JL, Boswell R, Binns WO, Redfern DB (1986) Forest health and air pollution: 1986 survey. Forestry Commission Research and Development Paper 150. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh
Innes JL, Whittaker RJ (1993) Relationships between the crown condition of Sitka and Norway spruce and the environment in Great Britain: an exploratory analysis. J Appl Ecol 30:341-360 Innes JL
Landmann G, Mettendorf B (1993) Consistency of observations of defoliation amongst different European countries. Environ Monitoring Assessment 25:29–40
Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (1992) Rapport Sanasilva sur les dégâts aux forêts 1992. OFEFP-Direction fédérale des forêts/Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage, Bern/Birmensdorf, p 31
Jalkanen R, Kurkela T (1990) Needle retention, age, shedding and budget, and growth of Scots pine between 1865 and 1988. In: Kauppi P, Anttila P, Kenttämies K (eds), Acidification in Finland. Springer, Berlin, pp 691–697
Jalkanen RE, Aalto TO, Innes JL, Kurkela TT, Townsend IK (1994) Needle retention and needle loss of Scots pine in recent decades at Thetford and Alice Holt, England. Can J. For Res. 24(4): 863–867.
Kandier O (1988) Epidemiologische Bewertung der WaldSchadenserhebungen 1983 bis 1987 in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Allg Forst-Jagdtztg 159(9/10): 179–194
Kandier O (1989) Anmerkungen zur Erwiderung von B. Ulrich (AFJZ, 160, 106-108, 1989) auf: Epidemiologische Bewertung der Waldschadenserhebungen 1983 bis 1987 von O. Kandier (AFJZ, 159, 179-194, 1988). Allg Forst-Jagdztg 160(12):242–244
Kandier O (1990) Epidemiological evaluation of the development of Waldsterben in Germany. Plant Disease 74(1):4–12
Kandier O (1992) Historical declines and diebacks of Central European forests and present conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 11:1077–1093
Kilz E, Schornick OK, Sieder P (1984) Zu den Kosten grossräumiger Waldschadensinventuren-dargestellt am Beispiel der Schadenserhebung Baden-Württemberg 1983. Allg Forstz 39(43/44): 1094–1096
Köhl M, Kaufmann E, Innes JL (1994) Reliability of differing densities of sample grids used for the monitoring of forest condition in Europe. Environ Monitoring Assessment 29:201–220
Konnert V, Mettendorf B, Bachmeyer P (1990) Beobachtungsflächen zu den “neuartigen Waldschäden” an Tanne in Baden-Württemberg: Nadelverlust, Klima, Zuwachs und Ernährungssituation. Allg Forstz 161(6/7): 116–123
Kublin E (1987) Statistische Auswertungsmodelle für Waldschadensinventuren-Methodische Überlegungen. Forstwiss Centralbl 106:57–68
Kurkela T, Jalkanen R (1990) Revealing past needle retention in Pinus spp. Scand J For Res 5(4):481–485
Landmann G (1991) Ground monitoring of forest vitality. In: Landmann G (ed) French research into forest decline. DEFORPA Programme. 2nd report. ENGREF, Nancy, pp 7–22
Landmann G (1993) Role of climate, stand dynamics and past management in forest declines: a review of ten years of field ecology in France. In Huetll RF, Mueller-Dombois D (eds) Forest Decline in the Atlantic and Pacific Region. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 18–39
Landmann G (1994) Effects of air pollution on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (COST project 612) — 1984–1990 — Final scientific report. EEC, Brussels (in press)
Landmann G (1995) Forest decline and air pollution effects in the French mountains: A synthesis. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Landmann G, Bert GD, Pierrat JC, Becker M, Bonneau M, Souchier B (1995a) Crown damage in Norway spruce and silver fir: relation to site and stand factors in the French mountains. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Landmann G, Bonneau M, Bouhot-Delduc L., Fromard F, Chéret V, Dagnac J, Souchier B (1995b) Crown damage in Norway spruce and silver fir: relation to nutritional status and soil chemical characteristics in the French mountains. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.
Landmann G, Hunter IR, Hendershodt W (in prep.) Temporal and spatial patterns of Mg deficiency in Europe, North America and New Zealand.
McKay HM (1988) Non-pollutant abiotic factors affecting needle loss. In: Cape JN, Mathy P (eds), Scientific Basis of Forest Decline Symptomatology. (CEC Workshop, Air Pollution Research Report 15), pp 31-3
Mahrer F (1989) Problems in the determination and interpretation of needle and leaf loss. In: Bucher JB, Bucher-Wallin I (eds), Air pollution and forest decline. 14. Int. IUFRO Meeting for specialists in air pollution effects on forest ecosystems, Interlaken, Switzerland. Eidgenössische Anstalt für das forstliche Versuchswesen, Birmensdorf, pp 229–231
Ministère de l’Agriculture et la Forêt (1992) La santé des forêts 1991. Ministère de l’Agriculture et la Forêt (DERF — Département de la Santé des Forêts), Paris, p 58 + ann
Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche (1993) La santé des forêts (France) en 1992. Ministeère de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche (DERF — Département de la Santé des Forêts), Paris, p 10
Montoya R, Sánchez G, Fernández J [et al] (1992) Analísis de los resultades de evaluacíon de daños sobre especies forestales mediterráneas, Segovia 1992. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacíon, Madrid, p 29 + ann
Neumann M, Stowasser S (1986) Waldzustandsinventur: zur Objektivität von Kronenklassifizierungen. Jahresbericht 1986. Forstliche Bundesversuchsanstalt Wien, pp 101-108
Pierrat J, Landmann G (in prep.)Reliability of differing densities of sample grids used for the monitoring of forest condition in France
Rameau JC (1991) La forêt française: une mosaïque d’écosystèmes. In: Gadant J (ed) L’Atlas des Forêts de France. Ed Jean-Pierre de Monza, Paris, pp 101–109
Rehfuess KE (1991) Review of forest decline research activities and results in the Federal Republic of Germany. J Environ Sci Health A26(3):415–445
Reichelt G (1983) Zur Frage des Waldsterbens in Frankreich. Landschaft und Stadt 15(4): 150–162
Riom J (1988) Apport de la télédétection pour l’estimation des dommages aux forêts vosgiennes. Journées de Travail DEFORPA, Nancy (France), 1988/02/24-26. INRA, Nancy, pp 1.31–1.63
Schöpfer W (1985) Das Schulungs-und Kontrollsystem der terrestrischen Waldschadensinventuren. Allg Forstz 40:1353–1357
Schröter H (1983) Entwicklung des Gesundheitszustandes von Tannen und Fichten auf Beobachtungsflächen der FVA in Baden-Württemberg. Allg Forst-Jagdztg 154:123–131
Schweingruber FH (1989) Lässt sich fehlendes Datenmaterial zur Waldschadenssituation anhand von Postkarten ergänzen? Allg Forstz. 11:266–268
Streletzki HW (1987) Überprüfung der Waldschadensentwicklung 1987 durch Unterstichproben. n Forst-Holzwirt 12:317–318
Ulrich B (1989) Erwiderung zu Kandier: epidemiologische Bewertung der Waldschadenserhebungen 1983 bis 1987. Allg Forst-Jagdztg 160(5): 106–108
UN/ECE (1989) Forest Damage and Air Pollution. Report of the 1988 forest damage survey in Europe. Geneva, Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, p 87
Wächter A (1978) Deutschsprachige Literatur zum Weisstannensterben (1830 bis 1978). Z Pflanzenkrankheiten Pflanzenschutz 85:361–381.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Landmann, G., Bouhot-Delduc, L. (1995). Ground Monitoring of Crown Condition of Forest Trees in the French Mountains. In: Landmann, G., Bonneau, M., Kaennel, M. (eds) Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79535-0_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79535-0_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-79537-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79535-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive