Carbohydrate Metabolism During Fetal Development

  • Conference paper
The Endocrine Control of the Fetus
  • 92 Accesses

Abstract

During the last part of pregnancy a decline in maternal blood glucose concentration is observed in most species in the postabsorptive period or after an overnight fast (for a review, see Girard et al. 1984). Since the absolute rate of maternal glucose production and utilization is increased by 15%–70% in late pregnancy (for a review, see Leturque et al. 1987a), this suggests that the relative maternal hypoglycemia that appears in late pregnancy is related to an increased glucose utilization by the growing conceptus and a concomitant decrease in glucose utilization by maternal non-uterine tissues.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bassett JM, Madill D (1974) The influence of maternal nutrition on plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations of foetal lambs. J Endocrinol 61: 465–477

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell AW, Kennaugh JM, Battaglia FC, Makowski EL, Meschia G (1986) Metabolic and circulatory studies of fetal lamb at midgestation. Am J Physiol 250: E538–E544

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergman EN, Brockman RP, Kaufman CF (1974) Glucose metabolism in ruminants: comparison of whole-body turnover with production by gut, liver and kidneys. Fed Proc 33: 1849–1854

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloch CA, Banach W, Landt K, Devaskar S, Sperling MA (1986) Effect of fetal insulin infusion on glucose kinetics in pregnant sheep: a compartmental analysis. Am J Physiol 251: E448–E456

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Block SM, Sparks JW, Johnson RL, Battaglia FC (1985) Metabolic quotients of the gravid uterus of the chronically catheterized guinea-pig. Pediat Res 19: 840–845

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Challier JC, Hauguel S, Desmaizières V (1986) Effect of insulin on glucose uptake and metabolism in the human placenta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 62: 803–807

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charlton VE, Reis BL, Lofgren DJ (1979) Consumption of carbohydrates, amino acids and oxygen across the intestinal circulation in the fetal sheep. J Dev Physiol 1: 329–336

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comline RS, Silver M (1976) Some aspects of foetal and utero-placental metabolism in cows with indwelling umbilical and uterine vascular catheters. J Physiol 260: 571–586

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duée PH, Simoes-Nunes C, Pégorier JP, Gilbert M, Girard J (1987) Uterine metabolism of the conscious gilt during late pregnancy. Pediatr Res 22: 587–590

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher DJ, Heymann MA, Rudolph AM (1980) Myocardial oxygen and carbohydrate consumption in fetal lambs in utero and in adult sheep. Am J Physiol 238: H399–H405

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowden AL (1985) Pancreatic endocrine function and carbohydrate metabolism in the fetus. In: Albrecht ED, Pepe GJ (eds) Research in perinatal medicine. Perinatology Press, Ithaca, pp 71–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowden AL, Silver M, Comline RS (1986) The effect of pancreatectomy on the uptake of metabolites by the sheep fetus. Q J Exp Physiol 71: 67–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert M, Sparks JW, Girard J, Battaglia FC (1982) Glucose turnover rate during pregnancy in the conscious guinea-pig. Pediatr Res 16: 310–313

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert M, Hauguel S, Bouisset M (1984) Uterine blood flow and substrate uptake in conscious rabbit during late gestation. Am J Physiol 247: E574–E580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Girard J (1986) Gluconeogenesis in late fetal and early neonatal life. Biol Neonate 50: 237–258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Girard JR, Kervran A, Soufflet E, Assan R (1974) Factors affecting the secretion of insulin and glucagon by the rat fetus. Diabetes 23: 310–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Girard J, Leturque A, Burnol A-F, Ferré P, Satabin P, Gilbert M (1984) Glucose homeostasis in the rat. In: Shafrir E, Renold AE (eds) Lessons from animal diabetes. Libbey, London, pp 667–675

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleason CA, Roman C, Rudolph AM (1985) Hepatic oxygen consumption, lactate uptake, and glucose production in neonatal lambs. Pediatr Res 19: 1235–1239

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauguel S, Desmaizières V, Challier JC (1986) Glucose uptake, utilization and transfer by the human placenta as function of maternal glucose concentration. Pediatr Res 20: 269–273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauguel S, Leturque A, Gilbert M, Kandé J, Girard J (1987) Glucose utilization by the placenta and fetal tissue in fed and fasted pregnant rabbits. Pediatr Res (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay WW Jr, Meznarich HK (1986) The effect of hyperinsulinaemia on glucose utilization and oxidation and on oxygen consumption in the fetal lamb. Q J Exp Physiol 71: 689–698

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hay WW Jr, Sparks JW, Quissell BJ, Battaglia FC, Meschia G (1981) Simultaneous measurements of umbilical uptake, fetal utilization rate and fetal turnover rate of glucose. Am J Physiol 240: E662–E668

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hay WW Jr, Sparks JW, Wilkening RB, Battaglia FC, Meschia G (1983a) Partition of maternal glucose production between conceptus and maternal tissues in sheep. Am J Physiol 245: E347–E350

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hay WW Jr, Myers SA, Sparks JW, Wilkening RB, Meschia G, Battaglia FC (1983b) Glucose and lactate oxidation rates in the fetal lamb. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 173: 553–563

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hay WW Jr, Gilbert M, Johnson RL, Battaglia FC (1984a) Glucose turnover rates in chronically catheterized non-pregnant and pregnant rabbits. Pediatr Res 18: 276–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hay WW Jr, Sparks JW, Gilbert M, Battaglia FC, Meschia G (1984b) Effect of insulin on glucose uptake by the maternal hindlimb and uterus, and by the fetus in conscious pregnant sheep. J Endocrinol 100: 119–124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hay WW Jr, Sparks JW, Battaglia FC, Meschia G (1984c) Maternal-fetal glucose exchange: necessity of a three-pool model. Am J Physiol 246: E526–E534

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay WW Jr, Sparks JW, Wilkening RB, Battaglia FC, Meschia G (1984d) Fetal glucose uptake and utilization as functions of maternal glucose concentration. Am J Physiol 246: E237–E242

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hay WW Jr, Meznarich HK, Sparks JW, Battaglia FC, Meschia G (1985) Effect of insulin on glucose uptake in near-term fetal lambs. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 178: 557–564

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson RL, Gilbert M, Block SM, Battaglia FC (1986) Uterine metabolism of the pregnant rabbit under chronic steady-state conditions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 154: 1146–1151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones CT, Ritchie JWK, Walker D (1983) The effects of hypoxia on glucose turnover in the fetal sheep. J Dev Physiol 5: 223–235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones MD Jr, Burd LI, Makowski EL, Meschia G, Battaglia FC (1975) Cerebral metabolism in sheep: a comparative study of the adult, the lamb, and the fetus. Am J Physiol 229: 235–239

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalhan SC, D’Angelo LJ, Savin SM, Adam PAJ (1979) Glucose production in pregnant women at term gestation. Sources of glucose for human fetus. J Clin Invest 63: 388–394

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leturque A, Gilbert M, Girard J (1981) Glucose turnover during pregnancy in anesthetized post-absorptive rats. Biochem J 196: 633–636

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leturque A, Ferré P, Burnol A-F, Kandé J, Maulard P, Girard J (1986) Glucose utilization rates and insulin sensitivity in vivo in tissues of virgin and pregnant rats. Diabetes 35: 172–177

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leturque A, Hauguel S, Ferré P, Girard J (1987a) Glucose metabolism in pregnancy. Biol Neonate 51: 64–69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leturque A, Revelli JP, Hauguel S, Kandé J, Girard J (1987b) Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia increase glucose utilization in fetal rat tissues. Am J Physiol 253: E616–E620

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leturque A, Hauguel S, Kande J, Girard J (1987c) Glucose utilization by the placenta of anaesthetized rats: effects of insulin, glucose and ketone bodies. Pediatr Res 22: 483–487

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makowski EL, Schneider JM, Tsoulos NG, Colwill JR, Battaglia FC, Meschia G (1972) Cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption and glucose utilization of fetal lambs in utero. Am J Obstet Gynecol 114: 292–303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meschia G, Battaglia FC, Hay WW, Sparks JW (1980) Utilization of substrates by the ovine placenta in vivo. Fed Proc 39: 245–249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milley JR, Papacostas JS, Tabata BK (1986) Effect of insulin on uptake of metabolic substrates by the sheep fetus. Am J Physiol 251: E349–E356

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peeters LLH, Martenson L, Van Kreel BK, Wallenburg HCS (1984) Uterine arterial and venous concentrations of glucose, lactate, ketones, free fatty acids and oxygen in the awake pregnant guinea pig. Pediatr Res 18: 1172–1175

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pethick DW, Lindsay DW, Barker PJ, Northrop AJ (1983) The metabolism of circulating non-esterified fatty acids by the whole animal, hind-limb muscle and uterus of pregnant ewes. Br J Nutr 49: 129–143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Philipps AF, Carson BS, Meschia G, Battaglia FC (1978) Insulin secretion in fetal and newborn sheep. Am J Physiol 235: E34–E38

    Google Scholar 

  • Posner BI (1974) Insulin receptors in human and animal placental tissues. Diabetes 23: 209–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rankin JHG, Jodarski G, Shanahan MR (1986) Maternal insulin and placental 3-O-methyl-glucose transport. J Dev Physiol 8: 247–253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudolph AM, Heymann MA (1970) Circulatory changes during growth in the fetal lamb. Circ Res 26: 289–299

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silver M, Comline RS (1976) Fetal and placental O2 consumption and the uptake of different metabolites in the ruminant and horse during late gestation. In: Reneau DD, Grote J (eds) Oxygen transport to tissues. Plenum, New York, pp 731–736

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmons MA, Jones MD Jr, Battaglia FC, Meschia G (1978) Insulin effect on fetal glucose utilization. Pediatr Res 12: 90–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons MA, Battaglia FC, Meschia G (1979) Placental transfer of glucose. J Dev Physiol 1: 227–243

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Sparks JW, Meschia G, Battaglia FC, Makowski EL (1984) Comparison of fetal and maternal hind limb metabolic quotients in sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol 149: 441–449

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks JW, Hay WW Jr, Bonds D, Meschia G, Battaglia FC (1982) Simultaneous measurements of lactate turnover and umbilical lactate uptake in the fetal lamb. J Clin Invest 70: 179–192

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks JW, Hay WW Jr, Meschia G, Battaglia FC (1983) Partition of maternal nutrients to the placenta and fetus in the sheep. Eur J Gynec Reprod Biol 14: 331–340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkening RB, Battaglia FC, Meschia G (1985) The relationship of umbilical glucose uptake to uterine blood flow. J Dev Physiol 7: 313–319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkening RB, Molina RD, Battaglia FC, Meschia G (1987) Effect of insulin on glucose/oxygen and lactate/oxygen quotients across the hind limb of fetal lambs. Biol Neonate 51: 18–23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Girard, J. (1988). Carbohydrate Metabolism During Fetal Development. In: Künzel, W., Jensen, A. (eds) The Endocrine Control of the Fetus. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72975-1_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72975-1_28

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-72977-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-72975-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation