Abstract
Polymeric systems show a very rich variety of dynamical processes which manifest themselves in different frequency ranges at a given temperature. Between vibrations taking place at time scales faster than the picosecond range and rep-tation at very long times, a number of dynamical processes can been detected in such systems. Some of them can be specific for the particular microstructure of the polymer, like, for instance, rotations of methyl groups. However, it is well established that two relaxation processes are present in all glass-forming polymers (see, e.g., [1, 2]): the primary or structural α-relaxation and the secondary or β-relaxation, also known as the Johari-Goldstein process [3]. The two relaxations coalesce in what we will call α/β-process in a temperature range 10%–20% above the glass transition temperature T g , The α-relaxation is commonly believed to be related to segmental relaxations of the main chain. The temperature dependence of its relaxation time shows a dramatic increase around T g , leading to the glassy state at lower temperatures. The β-relaxation is active above as well as below T g , and occurs independently of the existence of side groups in the polymer. This relaxation has traditionally been attributed to local relaxation of flexible parts, e.g., side groups, and, in main chain polymers, to twisting or crankshaft motion in the main chain [1]. On the other hand, the a-relaxation relates to the structural relaxation of the material and is necessarily of intermolecular nature [4]. However, the molecular nature of the secondary relaxation and its relationship with the primary relaxation are still poorly understood.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
McCrum NG, Read BE, Williams G (1967) Anelastic and dielectric effects in polymer solids. Wiley, London
Dianoux AJ, Petry W, Richter D (eds) (1993) Dynamics on disordered materials II. North-Holland, Amsterdam
Johari GP, Goldstein M (1970) J Chem Phys 53:2372
Götze W (1991) In: Hansen JP, Levesque D, Zinn-Justin J (eds) Liquids, freezing and the glass transition. North-Holland, Amsterdam
Kohlrausch F (1863) Pogg Ann Phys 119:352; Williams G, Watts DC (1970) Trans Faraday Soc 66:80
Lovesey SW (1987) Adair RK, Marshall W, Rees M, Elliott RJ, Wilkinson DH, Ehrenreich H (eds) Theory of neutron scattering from condensed matter. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Bée M (1988) Quasielastic neutron scattering. Adam Hilger, Bristol
Mezei F (ed) (1980) Neutron spin echo lecture notes in physics, vol. 128. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Alegría A, Colmenero J, Mari PO, Campbell IA (1999) Phys Rev E 59:6888
Alegría A, Goitiandía L, Tellería I, Colmenero J (1998) Recent Res Dev Macromol Res 3:49
Bötcher CJF, Bordewijk P (1980) Theory of electric polarization. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Colmenero J, Alegría A, Alberdi JM, Alvarez F, Frick B (1991) Phys Rev B 44:7321
Zorn R, Richter D, Farago B, Frick B, Kremer F, Kirst U, Fetters LJ (1992) Physica B 180–181:534
Colmenero J (1993) Physica A 201:38
Colmenero J, Arbe A, Alegría A (1994) J Non-Crystalline Solids 172–174:126
Richter D, Arbe A, Colmenero J, Monkenbusch M, Farago B, Faust R (1998) Macromolecules 31:1133
Arbe A, Buchenau U, Willner L, Richter D, Farago B, Colmenero J (1996) Phys Rev Lett 76:1872
Arbe A, Richter D, Colmenero J, Farago B (1996) Phys Rev E 54:3853
Arbe A, Colmenero J, Frick B, Monkenbusch M, Richter D (1998) Macromolecules 31:4926
Arbe A, Alegría A, Colmenero J, Hoffmann S, Willner L, Richter D (1999) Macromolecules 32:7572
Springer T (1972) In: Höhler G (ed) Quasielastic neutron scattering for the investigation of diffusive motions in solids and liquids. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
de Gennes PG (1959) Physica 25:825
Vineyard G (1959) Phys Rev 110:999
Sköld K (1967) Phys Rev Lett 19:1023
Colmenero J, Alegría A, Arbe A, Frick B (1992) Phys Rev Lett 69:478
Colmenero J, Arbe A, Alegría A, Ngai KL (1994) J Non-Cryst Solids 172–174:229
Arbe A, Colmenero J, Monkenbusch M, Richter D (1998) Phys Rev Lett 81:590
Frick B, Richter D, Ritter Cl (1989) Europhys Lett 9:557
Richter D, Frick B, Farago B (1988) Phys Rev Lett 61:2465
Richter D, Monkenbusch M, Allgeier J, Arbe A, Colmenero J, Farago B, Cheol Bae Y, Faust R (1999) J Chem Phys 111:6107
Bergman R, Alvarez F, Alegría A, Colmenero J (1998) J Chem Phys 109:7546
Arbe A, Colmenero J, Gómez D, Richter D, Farago B (1999) Phys Rev E 60:1103
Gómez D, Alegría A, Arbe A, Colmenero J (2001) Macromolecules 34:503
Williams G (1979) Adv Polym Sci 33:60
Alvarez F, Hofmann A, Alegría A, Colmenero J (1996) J Chem Phys 105:432
Alvarez F, Alegría A, Colmenero J (1991) Phys Rev B 44:7306
Alvarez F, Alegría A, Colmenero J (1993) Phys Rev B 47:125
Havriliak S, Negami S (1967) Polymer 8:161
Imanishi Y, Adachi K, Kotaka T (1988) J Chem Phys 89:7593
Zorn R (1999) J Polym Sci B 37:1043
Diezemann G, Mohanty U, Oppenheim I (1999) Phys Rev E 59:2067
Cendoya I, Alegría A, Alberdi JM, Colmenero J, Grimm H, Richter D, Frick B (1999) Macromolecules 32:4065
Hoffmann S, Willner L, Richter D, Arbe A, Colmenero J, Farago B (2000) Phys Rev Lett 85:772
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Arbe, A., Colmenero, J., Richter, D. (2003). Polymer Dynamics by Dielectric Spectroscopy and Neutron Scattering — a Comparison. In: Kremer, F., Schönhals, A. (eds) Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56120-7_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56120-7_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62809-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56120-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive