Abstract
Assessment of existing buildings making use of numerical simulation methods, even under the hypothesis of full knowledge of current conditions and materials, it is not an easy and straightforward task due to the limitations and complexities of such analysis tools. In this chapter, a discussion of different approaches for the simulation of structural response is introduced and applied to two of the most common building typologies: masonry structures and reinforced concrete frames. Following a brief introduction of the problematic, an overview of different modelling possibilities for masonry structures is presented. Afterwards, choices made during numerical modelling are discussed, based mainly on the finite element method. Moreover, the problematic of different modelling techniques is addressed, where some paths and best practices are suggested. The last section is devoted to the response simulation of reinforced concrete structures. Efficient frame elements and sectional models, which allow capturing an extended range of elastic and inelastic response, are analysed first. Strut-and-tie modelling is then recalled as a powerful analysis tool, and its application to the assessment of old buildings is studied.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
CEN (2007) EN 13791: assessment of in situ compressive strength in structures and precast concrete components
NTC (2008) Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni, D. M. 14 gennaio 2008, Suppl. ord. n° 30 alla G.U. n. 29 del 4/02/2008, Consiglio Superiore dei Lavori Pubblici
CEN (2005) EN 1998-3: Eurocode 8-Part 3: Assessment and Retrofitting of Buildings
ACI 214.4R-10 (2010) Guide for obtaining Cores and interpreting compressive strength results. ACI Committee 214
Ilharco, T., Costa, A.A., Lopes, V., Costa, A., Guedes, J.: Assessment and intervention on the timber structure of a XVII century building in Lisbon: an example of seismic retrofitting. Revista Portuguesa de Engenharia de Estruturas II(11), 25–38 (2012)
Binda, L., Saisi, A.: Research on historic structures in seismic areas in Italy. Prog. Struct. Mat. Eng. 7(2), 71–85 (2005)
Oliveira, D.: Experimental and numerical analysis of blocky masonry structures under cyclic loading. PhD Thesis (2003)
Lourenço, P.B.: Computations on historic masonry structures. Prog. Struct. Mat. Eng. 4(3), 301–319 (2002)
Casarin, F.: Structural assessment and vulnerability analysis of a complex historical Building. PhD Thesis, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (2006)
Orduña, A., Lourenço, P.B.: Limit Analysis as a tool for the simplified assessment of ancient masonry structures. In: International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions—SAHC01, Guimarães, Portugal, pp. 511–520 (2001)
Lourenço, P.B., Milani, G., Tralli, A., Zucchini, A.: Analysis of masonry structures: review of and recent trends of homogenisation techniques. Can. J. Civil Eng. 34, 1443–1457 (2007)
Sacco, E.: A non-linear homogenization procedure for periodic masonry. Eur. J. Mech. A/Solids, Elsevier Masson SAS 28(2), 209–222 (2009)
Costa, A.A., Silva, B., Arêde, A., Guedes, J., Arêde, A., Costa, A.: Experimental assessment, numerical modelling and strengthening of a stone masonry wall. Bull. Earthq. Eng. 10(1), 135–159 (2012)
Lourenço, P.B., Rots, J.G.: A multi-surface interface model for the analysis of masonry structures. J. Eng. Mech. ASCE 123(7), 660–668 (1997)
Lagomarsino, S., Gambarotta, L.: Damage models for the seismic response of brick masonry shear walls. Part I: The mortar joint model and its applications. Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dynam. 26, 423–439 (1997)
Pelá, L., Aprile, A., Benedetti, A.: Seismic assessment of masonry arch bridges. Eng. Struct. 31(8), 1777–1788 (2009)
Mallardo, V., Malvezzi, R., Milani, E., Milani, G.: Seismic vulnerability of historical masonry buildings: a case study in Ferrara. Eng. Struct. 30(8), 2223–2241 (2007)
Roca, P., Massanas, M., Cervera, M., Arun, G.: Structural analysis of Küçük Ayasofya Mosque in Istanbul. IV International Seminar on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions—SAHC04, Padova, Italy, pp. 679–686, (2004)
Martínez, G., Roca, P., Caselles, O., Clapés, J.: Characterization of the dynamic response for the structure of Mallorca Cathedral. V International Seminar on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions—SAHC06, New Delhi, India, (2006)
Faria, R., Oliver, J., Cervera, M.: A strain-based plastic viscous-damage model for massive concrete structures. Int. J. Solids Struct. 35(14), 1533–1558 (1998)
Cervera, M.: Visco-elasticity and rate-dependent continuum damage models. Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering—CIMNE, Monograph M79, Barcelona, Spain, (2003)
Faria, R., Pouca, N.V., Delgado, R.: Simulation of the cyclic behaviour of R/C rectangular hollow section bridge piers via a detailed numerical model. J. Earthquake Eng. 8(5), 725–748 (2004)
Clemente, R., Roca, P., Cervera, M.: Damage model with crack localization—Application to historical buildings. Structural V International Seminar on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions—SAHC06, New Delhi, India, pp. 1125–1135, (2006)
Pelá, L., Cervera, M., Roca, P., Benedetti, A.: An orthotropic damage model for the analysis of masonry structures. VIII International Seminar on Structural Masonry—ISSM 08, pp. 175–178 (2008)
Silva, B., Guedes, J., Arêde, A., Costa, A.: Calibration and application of a continuum damage model on the simulation of stone masonry structures: Gondar church as a case study. Bull. Earthq. Eng. 10(1), 211–234 (2012)
Mola, F., Vitaliani, R.: Analysis, diagnosis and preservation of ancient monuments: the St. Mark’s Basilica in Venice. Structural analysis of historical constructions I—CIMNE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 166–188 (1995)
Meli, R., Sánchez-Ramíre, A.R.: Structural aspects of the rehabilitation of the Mexico City Cathedral. Structural analysis of historical constructions I—CIMNE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 123–140 (1995)
Macchi, G., Ruggeri, M., Eusebio, M., Moncecchi, M.: Structural assessment of the leaning tower of Pisa. Structural preservation of the architectural heritage, IABSE, Zürich, Switzerland, pp. 401–408 (1993)
Croci, G.: The Colosseum: safety evaluation and preliminary criteria of intervention. International Seminar on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions—SAHC, Barcelona, Spain (1995)
Gonzalez, A., Casals, A., Roca, P., Gonzalez, J.L.: Studies of Gaudi’s Cripta de la Colonia Güell. International Conference on Composite Construction—Conventional and Innovative—IABSE, Rome, Italy, pp. 457–464, (1993)
Collins, M.P., Mitchell, D.: Pre-stressed concrete structures. Response Publications, Canada (1997)
Neuenhofer, A., Filippou, F.C.: Evaluation of non-linear frame finite-element models. J. Struct. Eng. 123(7), 958–966 (1997)
Calabrese, A., Almeida, J.P., Pinho, R.: Numerical issues in distributed inelasticity modeling of RC frame elements for seismic analysis. J. Earthquake Eng. 14(S1), 38–68 (2010)
Marti, P.: Basic tools of reinforced concrete beam design. ACI J. Proc. 82(1), 45–56 (1985)
Schlaich, J., Schafer, K., Jennewein, M.: Toward a consistent design of structural concrete. J. Prestress Concr. Inst. 32(3), 74–150 (1987)
Ali, M.A., White, R.N.: Automatic generation of truss model for optimal design of reinforced concrete structures. ACI Struct. J. 98(4), 431–442 (2001)
Liang, Q.Q., Uy, B., Steven, G.P.: Performance-based optimization for strut-tie modeling of structural concrete. J. Struct. Eng. 128(6), 815–823 (2002)
Schlaich, M., Anagnostou, G.: Stress fields for nodes of strut-and-tie models. J. Struct. Eng. 116(1), 13–23 (1990)
Bentz, E.C.: Section analysis of RC members. PhD Thesis. University of Toronto, Canada, (2000)
de Souza, R.M.: Force-based finite element for large displacements inelastic analysis of frames. PhD Thesis. University of California, Berkeley, US, (2000)
Sezen, H.: Seismic behavior and modeling of reinforced concrete building columns. PhD Thesis. University of California, Berkeley, US, (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Costa, A.A., Quelhas, B., Almeida, J.P. (2014). Numerical Modelling Approaches for Existing Masonry and RC Structures. In: Costa, A., Guedes, J., Varum, H. (eds) Structural Rehabilitation of Old Buildings. Building Pathology and Rehabilitation, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39686-1_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39686-1_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-39685-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-39686-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)