Rectal Conditions: Rectal Cancer—Postoperative Surveillance

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Clinical Decision Making in Colorectal Surgery

Abstract

Postoperative surveillance for rectal cancer is an important part of comprehensive cancer care. While more effective chemo-radiotherapy and surgical techniques have improved clinical outcomes, risk of recurrent rectal cancer remains high. Long-term surveillance is used to detect recurrent disease that may be potentially resectable and to identify/remove metachronous lesions at an early stage. Surveillance is best accomplished with a combination of clinical exams, laboratory, endoscopic and radiographic tests. Each method has unique strengths and weaknesses, but in totality, and until other biomarkers are identified, they provide the most comprehensive way to surveil postoperative patients with rectal cancer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Suggested Reading

  • Benson AB 3rd, Venook AP, Bekaii-Saab T, Chan E, Chen YJ, Cooper HS, et al. Rectal cancer, version 2.2015. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2015;13(6):719–28; quiz 28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonjer HJ, Deijen CL, Abis GA, Cuesta MA, van der Pas MH, de Lange-de Klerk ES, et al. A randomized trial of laparoscopic versus open surgery for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(14):1324–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green RJ, Metlay JP, Propert K, Catalano PJ, Macdonald JS, Mayer RJ, et al. Surveillance for second primary colorectal cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy: an analysis of intergroup 0089. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(4):261–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green BL, Marshall HC, Collinson F, Quirke P, Guillou P, Jayne DG, et al. Long-term follow-up of the Medical Research Council CLASICC trial of conventional versus laparoscopically assisted resection in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2013;100(1):75–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahi CJ, Boland CR, Dominitz JA, Giardiello FM, Johnson DA, Kaltenbach T, et al. Colonoscopy surveillance after colorectal cancer resection: recommendations of the US multi-society task force on colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(3):758–68 e11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman DA, Rex DK, Winawer SJ, Giardiello FM, Johnson DA, Levin TR, et al. Guidelines for colonoscopy surveillance after screening and polypectomy: a consensus update by the US multi-society task force on colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(3):844–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu YY, Chen JH, Chien CR, Chen WT, Tsai SC, Lin WY, et al. Use of FDG-PET or PET/CT to detect recurrent colorectal cancer in patients with elevated CEA: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Color Dis. 2013;28(8):1039–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyerhardt JA, Mangu PB, Flynn PJ, Korde L, Loprinzi CL, Minsky BD, et al. Follow-up care, surveillance protocol, and secondary prevention measures for survivors of colorectal cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline endorsement. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(35):4465–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Network NCC. Rectal Cancer (Version 2.2019) [August 5, 2019]. Available from: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/rectal.pdf.

  • Pita-Fernandez S, Alhayek-Ai M, Gonzalez-Martin C, Lopez-Calvino B, Seoane-Pillado T, Pertega-Diaz S. Intensive follow-up strategies improve outcomes in nonmetastatic colorectal cancer patients after curative surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(4):644–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Primrose JN, Perera R, Gray A, Rose P, Fuller A, Corkhill A, et al. Effect of 3 to 5 years of scheduled CEA and CT follow-up to detect recurrence of colorectal cancer: the FACS randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311(3):263–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seo SI, Lim SB, Yoon YS, Kim CW, Yu CS, Kim TW, et al. Comparison of recurrence patterns between </=5 years and > 5 years after curative operations in colorectal cancer patients. J Surg Oncol. 2013;108(1):9–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Gijn W, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, Kranenbarg EM, Putter H, Wiggers T, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer: 12-year follow-up of the multicentre, randomised controlled TME trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(6):575–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verberne CJ, Zhan Z, van den Heuvel E, Grossmann I, Doornbos PM, Havenga K, et al. Intensified follow-up in colorectal cancer patients using frequent carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) measurements and CEA-triggered imaging: results of the randomized “CEAwatch” trial. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2015;41(9):1188–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel I. Chu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chu, D.I., Kennedy, G.D. (2020). Rectal Conditions: Rectal Cancer—Postoperative Surveillance. In: Steele, S., Maykel, J., Wexner, S. (eds) Clinical Decision Making in Colorectal Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65942-8_42

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65942-8_42

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-65941-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-65942-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation