Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Peripheral Nerve

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Acquired Neuromuscular Disorders

Abstract

The diagnostic workup of peripheral neuropathies has traditionally relied on the patient’s clinical history, physical examination, and electrophysiological studies [1].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
EUR 29.95
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
EUR 96.29
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
EUR 128.39
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pullman SL, Goodin DS, Marquinez AI, Tabbal S, Rubin M (2000) Clinical utility of surface EMG: report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 55:171–177

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Kermarrec E, Demondion X, Khalil C, Le Thuc V, Boutry N, Cotten A (2010) Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the peripheral nerves: current techniques, promising directions, and open issues. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 14:463–472

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Pham M, Baumer T, Bendszus M (2014) Peripheral nerves and plexus: imaging by MR-neurography and high-resolution ultrasound. Curr Opin Neurol 27:370–379

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Khadilkar SV, Yadav RS, Soni G (2015) A practical approach to enlargement of nerves, plexuses and roots. Pract Neurol 15:105–115

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Filler AG, Howe FA, Hayes CE, Kliot M, Winn HR, Bell BA, Griffiths JR, Tsuruda JS (1993) Magnetic resonance neurography. Lancet 341:659–661

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Maravilla KR, Bowen BC (1998) Imaging of the peripheral nervous system: evaluation of peripheral neuropathy and plexopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 19:1011–1023

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Padua L, Liotta G, Di PA, Granata G, Pazzaglia C, Caliandro P, Martinoli C (2012) Contribution of ultrasound in the assessment of nerve diseases. Eur J Neurol 19:47–54

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Filler AG, Maravilla KR, Tsuruda JS (2004) MR neurography and muscle MR imaging for image diagnosis of disorders affecting the peripheral nerves and musculature. Neurol Clin 22:643–682, vi–vii

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Chhabra A, Flammang A, Padua A Jr, Carrino JA, Andreisek G (2014) Magnetic resonance neurography: technical considerations. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 24:67–78

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Chappell KE, Robson MD, Stonebridge-Foster A, Glover A, Allsop JM, Williams AD, Herlihy AH, Moss J, Gishen P, Bydder GM (2004) Magic angle effects in MR neurography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:431–440

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Thawait SK, Chaudhry V, Thawait GK, Wang KC, Belzberg A, Carrino JA, Chhabra A (2011) High-resolution MR neurography of diffuse peripheral nerve lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 32:1365–1372

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Vargas MI, Viallon M, Nguyen D, Beaulieu JY, Delavelle J, Becker M (2010) New approaches in imaging of the brachial plexus. Eur J Radiol 74:403–410

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Viallon M, Vargas MI, Jlassi H, Lovblad KO, Delavelle J (2008) High-resolution and functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brachial plexus using an isotropic 3D T2 STIR (Short Term Inversion Recovery) SPACE sequence and diffusion tensor imaging. Eur Radiol 18:1018–1023

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Chhabra A, Andreisek G, Soldatos T, Wang KC, Flammang AJ, Belzberg AJ, Carrino JA (2011) MR neurography: past, present, and future. AJR Am J Roentgenol 197:583–591

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Stoll G, Bendszus M, Perez J, Pham M (2009) Magnetic resonance imaging of the peripheral nervous system. J Neurol 256:1043–1051

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Aagaard BD, Maravilla KR, Kliot M (2001) Magnetic resonance neurography: magnetic resonance imaging of peripheral nerves. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 11:viii, 131–viii, 146

    Google Scholar 

  17. Peled S, Cory DG, Raymond SA, Kirschner DA, Jolesz FA (1999) Water diffusion, T(2), and compartmentation in frog sciatic nerve. Magn Reson Med 42:911–918

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Tanaka K, Mori N, Yokota Y, Suenaga T (2013) MRI of the cervical nerve roots in the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a single-institution, retrospective case-control study. BMJ Open 3:e003443

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Bendszus M, Koltzenburg M, Wessig C, Solymosi L (2002) Sequential MR imaging of denervated muscle: experimental study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23:1427–1431

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Jambawalikar S, Baum J, Button T, Li H, Geronimo V, Gould ES (2010) Diffusion tensor imaging of peripheral nerves. Skeletal Radiol 39:1073–1079

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Brienza M, Pujia F, Colaiacomo MC, Anastasio MG, Pierelli F, Di BC, Andreoli C, Gualdi G, Valente GO (2014) 3T diffusion tensor imaging and electroneurography of peripheral nerve: a morphofunctional analysis in carpal tunnel syndrome. J Neuroradiol 41:124–130

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Chhabra A, Thakkar RS, Andreisek G, Chalian M, Belzberg AJ, Blakeley J, Hoke A, Thawait GK, Eng J, Carrino JA (2013) Anatomic MR imaging and functional diffusion tensor imaging of peripheral nerve tumors and tumorlike conditions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 34:802–807

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Gasparotti R, Lodoli G, Meoded A, Carletti F, Garozzo D, Ferraresi S (2013) Feasibility of diffusion tensor tractography of brachial plexus injuries at 1.5 T. Invest Radiol 48:104–112

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Jengojan S, Kovar F, Breitenseher J, Weber M, Prayer D, Kasprian G (2015) Acute radial nerve entrapment at the spiral groove: detection by DTI-based neurography. Eur Radiol 25:1678–1683

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kasprian G, Amann G, Panotopoulos J, Schmidt M, Dominkus M, Trattnig S, Windhager R, Prayer D, Nobauer-Huhmann I (2015) Peripheral nerve tractography in soft tissue tumors: a preliminary 3-tesla diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging study. Muscle Nerve 51:338–345

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Ohana M, Moser T, Meyer N, Zorn PE, Liverneaux P, Dietemann JL (2012) 3T tractography of the median nerve: optimisation of acquisition parameters and normative diffusion values. Diagn Interv Imaging 93:775–784

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Simon NG, Cage T, Narvid J, Noss R, Chin C, Kliot M (2014) High-resolution ultrasonography and diffusion tensor tractography map normal nerve fascicles in relation to schwannoma tissue prior to resection. J Neurosurg 120:1113–1117

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Chhabra A, Ahlawat S, Belzberg A, Andreseik G (2014) Peripheral nerve injury grading simplified on MR neurography: as referenced to Seddon and Sunderland classifications. Indian J Radiol Imaging 24:217–224

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Donovan A, Rosenberg ZS, Cavalcanti CF (2010) MR imaging of entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremity. Part 2. The knee, leg, ankle, and foot. Radiographics 30:1001–1019

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Petchprapa CN, Rosenberg ZS, Sconfienza LM, Cavalcanti CF, Vieira RL, Zember JS (2010) MR imaging of entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremity. Part 1. The pelvis and hip. Radiographics 30:983–1000

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Ahlawat S, Chhabra A, Blakely J (2014) Magnetic resonance neurography of peripheral nerve tumors and tumorlike conditions. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 24:171–192

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Trivedi JR, Phillips L, Chhabra A (2015) Hereditary and acquired polyneuropathy conditions of the peripheral nerves: clinical considerations and MR neurography imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 19:130–136

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Fujimura H (2013) The Guillain-Barre syndrome. Handb Clin Neurol 115:383–402

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Vucic S, Kiernan MC, Cornblath DR (2009) Guillain-Barre syndrome: an update. J Clin Neurosci 16:733–741

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Cosi V, Versino M (2006) Guillain-Barre syndrome. Neurol Sci 27(Suppl 1):S47–S51

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Byun WM, Park WK, Park BH, Ahn SH, Hwang MS, Chang JC (1998) Guillain-Barre syndrome: MR imaging findings of the spine in eight patients. Radiology 208:137–141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Anadani M, Katirji B (2015) Acute-Onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. An electrodiagnostic study. Muscle Nerve 52:900–5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Mathey EK, Park SB, Hughes RA, Pollard JD, Armati PJ, Barnett MH, Taylor BV, Dyck PJ, Kiernan MC, Lin CS (2015) Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: from pathology to phenotype. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 86:973–85

    Google Scholar 

  39. Rajabally YA, Nicolas G, Pieret F, Bouche P, Van den Bergh PY (2009) Validity of diagnostic criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a multicentre European study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80:1364–1368

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Van den Bergh PY, Hadden RD, Bouche P, Cornblath DR, Hahn A, Illa I, Koski CL, Leger JM, Nobile-Orazio E, Pollard J, Sommer C, van Doorn PA, van Schaik IN (2010) European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on management of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society – first revision. Eur J Neurol 17:356–363

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Duggins AJ, McLeod JG, Pollard JD, Davies L, Yang F, Thompson EO, Soper JR (1999) Spinal root and plexus hypertrophy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Brain 122(Pt 7):1383–1390

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Kuwabara S, Nakajima M, Matsuda S, Hattori T (1997) Magnetic resonance imaging at the demyelinative foci in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Neurology 48:874–877

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Shibuya K, Sugiyama A, Ito SI, Misawa S, Sekiguchi Y, Mitsuma S, Iwai Y, Watanabe K, Shimada H, Kawaguchi H, Suhara T, Yokota H, Matsumoto H, Kuwabara S (2015) Reconstruction magnetic resonance neurography in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Ann Neurol 77:333–337

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Rajabally YA, Chavada G (2009) Lewis-sumner syndrome of pure upper-limb onset: diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic features. Muscle Nerve 39:206–220

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Ayrignac X, Viala K, Koutlidis RM, Taieb G, Stojkovic T, Musset L, Leger JM, Fournier E, Maisonobe T, Bouche P (2013) Sensory chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: an under-recognized entity? Muscle Nerve 48:727–732

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. van Dijk GW, Notermans NC, Franssen H, Wokke JH (1999) Development of weakness in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and only sensory symptoms at presentation: a long-term follow-up study. J Neurol 246:1134–1139

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Gasparotti R, Lucchetta M, Cacciavillani M, Neri W, Guidi C, Cavallaro T, Ferrari S, Padua L, Briani C (2015) Neuroimaging in diagnosis of atypical polyradiculoneuropathies: report of three cases and review of the literature. J Neurol 262:1714–1723

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Ellegala DB, Monteith SJ, Haynor D, Bird TD, Goodkin R, Kliot M (2005) Characterization of genetically defined types of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies by using magnetic resonance neurography. J Neurosurg 102:242–245

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Sinclair CD, Miranda MA, Cowley P, Morrow JM, Davagnanam I, Mehta H, Hanna MG, Koltzenburg M, Reilly MM, Yousry TA, Thornton JS (2011) MRI shows increased sciatic nerve cross sectional area in inherited and inflammatory neuropathies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 82:1283–1286

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Adachi Y, Sato N, Okamoto T, Sasaki M, Komaki H, Yamashita F, Kida J, Takahashi T, Matsuda H (2011) Brachial and lumbar plexuses in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: MRI assessment including apparent diffusion coefficient. Neuroradiology 53:3–11

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Kakuda T, Fukuda H, Tanitame K, Takasu M, Date S, Ochi K, Ohshita T, Kohriyama T, Ito K, Matsumoto M, Awai K (2011) Diffusion tensor imaging of peripheral nerve in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a feasibility study. Neuroradiology 53:955–960

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Nobile-Orazio E, Gallia F (2013) Multifocal motor neuropathy: current therapies and novel strategies. Drugs 73:397–406

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Vlam L, van der Pol WL, Cats EA, Straver DC, Piepers S, Franssen H, van den Berg LH (2012) Multifocal motor neuropathy: diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment strategies. Nat Rev Neurol 8:48–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on management of multifocal motor neuropathy. Report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society – first revision (2010) J Peripher Nerv Syst 15:295–301

    Google Scholar 

  55. van Asseldonk JT, van den Berg LH, Van den Berg-Vos RM, Wieneke GH, Wokke JH, Franssen H (2003) Demyelination and axonal loss in multifocal motor neuropathy: distribution and relation to weakness. Brain 126:186–198

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. van Es HW, Van den Berg LH, Franssen H, Witkamp TD, Ramos LM, Notermans NC, Feldberg MA, Wokke JH (1997) Magnetic resonance imaging of the brachial plexus in patients with multifocal motor neuropathy. Neurology 48:1218–1224

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Van Den Berg-Vos RM, Van den Berg LH, Visser J, de Visser M, Franssen H, Wokke JH (2003) The spectrum of lower motor neuron syndromes. J Neurol 250:1279–1292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Katz JS, Barohn RJ, Kojan S, Wolfe GI, Nations SP, Saperstein DS, Amato AA (2002) Axonal multifocal motor neuropathy without conduction block or other features of demyelination. Neurology 58:615–620

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Briani C, Cacciavillani M, Lucchetta M, Cecchin D, Gasparotti R (2013) MR neurography findings in axonal multifocal motor neuropathy. J Neurol 260:2420–2422

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ, Freeman R, Horowitz M, Kempler P, Lauria G, Malik RA, Spallone V, Vinik A, Bernardi L, Valensi P (2010) Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 33:2285–2293

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Pham M, Oikonomou D, Baumer P, Bierhaus A, Heiland S, Humpert PM, Nawroth PP, Bendszus M (2011) Proximal neuropathic lesions in distal symmetric diabetic polyneuropathy: findings of high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography. Diabetes Care 34:721–723

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Dyck PJ, Norell JE, Dyck PJ (1999) Microvasculitis and ischemia in diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy. Neurology 53:2113–2121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Massie R, Mauermann ML, Staff NP, Amrami KK, Mandrekar JN, Dyck PJ, Klein CJ, Dyck PJ (2012) Diabetic cervical radiculoplexus neuropathy: a distinct syndrome expanding the spectrum of diabetic radiculoplexus neuropathies. Brain 135:3074–3088

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Adams D (2001) Hereditary and acquired amyloid neuropathies. J Neurol 248:647–657

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Shin SC, Robinson-Papp J (2012) Amyloid neuropathies. Mt Sinai J Med 79:733–748

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Kanta M, Ehler E, Kohout A, Habalova J, Hanacek R, Vysata O, Brtkova J, Rehak S, Valis M (2014) Rare case of a localized radial nerve amyloid neuropathy. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 16:20–23

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Wadhwa V, Thakkar RS, Maragakis N, Hoke A, Sumner CJ, Lloyd TE, Carrino JA, Belzberg AJ, Chhabra A (2012) Sciatic nerve tumor and tumor-like lesions – uncommon pathologies. Skeletal Radiol 41:763–774

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Koyama S, Kawanami T, Kurokawa K, Tanji H, Iseki C, Arawaka S, Wada M, Kato T (2012) Carpal tunnel syndrome as an initial manifestation in a case of transthyretin-related familial amyloid polyneuropathy with a novel A120T mutation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 114:707–709

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Adams D, Lozeron P, Lacroix C (2012) Amyloid neuropathies. Curr Opin Neurol 25:564–572

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Kollmer J, Hund E, Hornung B, Hegenbart U, Schonland SO, Kimmich C, Kristen AV, Purrucker J, Rocken C, Heiland S, Bendszus M, Pham M (2015) In vivo detection of nerve injury in familial amyloid polyneuropathy by magnetic resonance neurography. Brain 138:549–562

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Nozaki K, Judson MA (2013) Neurosarcoidosis. Curr Treat Options Neurol 15:492–504

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Smith JK, Matheus MG, Castillo M (2004) Imaging manifestations of neurosarcoidosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 182:289–295

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Dailey AT, Rondina MT, Townsend JJ, Shrieve DC, Baringer JR, Moore KR (2004) Sciatic nerve sarcoidosis: utility of magnetic resonance peripheral nerve imaging and treatment with radiation therapy. J Neurosurg 100:956–959

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roberto Gasparotti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gasparotti, R., Filosto, M. (2016). Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Peripheral Nerve. In: Angelini, C. (eds) Acquired Neuromuscular Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29514-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29514-5_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29512-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29514-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation