Abstract
This chapter, “Values and Human Rights,” explores the complex interplay between human rights, values, and societal dynamics within the European context. While the European Human Rights Convention and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights mention values, their relationship remains elusive. The chapter delves into the vagueness of “common values” and their connection to peace and examines the tensions between universality, individual rights, and societal contexts. The evolution of human rights reveals a shift from freedom-based rights towards equality-oriented claims. The chapter scrutinizes the dual nature of human rights, serving as protections against harm and as expressions of demands for societal standards. It highlights the challenges of justifying human rights, especially amid shifting social paradigms, and the potential for values discourse to provide a flexible foundation for their functional stabilization. Ultimately, the chapter underscores the intricate and evolving nature of human rights and their dependence on ongoing societal negotiations.
This excursus is based on a lecture that I delivered under the title “Using/needing human rights. On the philosophical relevance of their historicity” at the Colloquium Rauricum on August 28, 2015, at Castelen/Augst. A complete version is due to appear in 2016 in the book of the Colloquia Raurica conference proceedings on human rights edited by Kurt Seelmann.
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Notes
- 1.
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The Member States https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT
- 2.
ibid.
- 3.
ibid., p. 41.
- 4.
Niklas Luhmann: Grundrechte als Institution. Ein Beitrag zur politischen Soziologie. Berlin 1965, p. 8.
- 5.
Aristotle: Politics 1254a.
- 6.
See Julien Offray de La Mettrie: Œuvres philosophiques. Nouvelle édition, corrigée & augmentée. Berlin 1774, vol. 1, p. 347 f.
- 7.
See Andreas Urs Sommer: Kommentar zu Nietzsches Der Antichrist. Ecce homo. Dionysos- Dithyramben. Nietzsche contra Wagner = Historischer und kritischer Kommentar zu Friedrich Nietzsches Werken. Ed. Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften. Vol. g/2. Berlin/Boston 2013, p. 83 f.
- 8.
Cf. in the further development of the approached of Émile Durkheim, particularly Hans Joas: Die Sakralität der Person. Eine neue Genealogie der Menschenrechte. Berlin 2011.
- 9.
See Jonathan Turley: Charlies falsche Freunde. In: Schweizer Monat. Die Autorenzeitschrift für Politik, Wirtschaft und Kultur, no. 1023, February 2015, pp. 12–15.
- 10.
John Stuart Mill: On Liberty/Über die Freiheit. Deutsch – englisch. Übersetzung von Bruno Lemke. Mit Anhang und Nachwort ed. Bernd Gräfrath. Stuttgart 2009, p. 160.
- 11.
Publius Cornelius Tacitus: Historien I 90, 3.
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Sommer, A.U. (2024). Excursus I: Values and Human Rights. In: Values. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42159-4_6
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