Abstract
Amaranth is well recognized as a crop with the highest agri-food potential because its leaves and seeds are highly nutritious and, both can be used as food and feed resources. Amaranth seeds are the main vegetable source of squalene, an unsaturated hydrocarbon, which have been attributed to diverse beneficial health effects. It is also a source of compounds such as tocotrienols, phytosterols, and sterols that help lower blood cholesterol. Likewise, amaranth has been outlined as a promising system for food production since it provides seeds of excellent nutritional quality, mainly due to their proteins that contain an adequate balance of essential amino acids, and the negligible prolamin content. Besides, the identification and characterisation of bioactive peptides encrypted in amaranth seed storage proteins, such as peptides that function as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and angiotensin-converting enzyme, has increased the interest of these seeds as a nutraceutical food system with important biological functions to improve the consumer´s health. However, little is known about amaranth seed storage proteins genetics and the mechanisms that govern their accumulation in seeds. Future work is needed in this direction in order to be able to improve the functional properties of amaranth proteins that will permit their increased use in the food industry. This chapter summarizes the state of knowledge regarding the biochemical and molecular characteristics of amaranth proteins and offers a broad picture of their possible applications in food science and technology.
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Acknowledgements
Authors thank Dr. E. Espitia-Rangel (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias, Mexico) for his invaluable help in all our projects. Thanks to A. López-Covarrubias for her help in protein extraction and electrophoretic analyses and to M. L. Llamas-García for her support for the in silico analysis and elaboration of structural models.
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Bojórquez-Velázquez, E., Talamantes-Herrera, F.A., Valles, S., Cerritos-Castro, I.T., de la Rosa, A.P.B. (2021). Molecular Characterisation of Seed Storage Proteins (SSPs) in Grain Amaranth. In: Adhikary, D., Deyholos, M.K., Délano-Frier, J.P. (eds) The Amaranth Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72365-1_5
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