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Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Molecular Immune Pathogenesis, Ongoing Diagnosis and Treatments for COVID-19

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Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19

Part of the book series: Studies in Systems, Decision and Control ((SSDC,volume 358))

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Abstract

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. It is associated with infrequent epidemic derive by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) which started in Dec 2019 from Wuhan city, China and escalated throughout the world. The transmission of this SARS-CoV-2 has been reported as a third most pathogenic coronavirus for the human community after SARS-CoV (Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) in 21st century. The aim of this chapter includes portraying the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) technology as a tool to analyse, evaluate, prevent and fight against the COVID-19. Additionally, there is an effort to summarize the molecular biology of this deadly virus, molecular immune pathogenesis, ongoing detection and therapeutic strategies of COVID-19 based on the present understanding of infection mechanism of MERS and SARS coronaviruses. On a broader aspect, this chapter also reports developments in vaccines and therapeutics to cure COVID-19 infection.

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Abbreviations

AI:

Artificial Intelligence

CT:

Computerized Tomography

VGG:

Visual Geometry Group

SVM:

Support Vector Machine

KNN:

K-Nearest Neighbor

MLPNN:

Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network

PCA:

Principal Component Analysis

MRI:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

DBSCAN:

Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise

LSTM:

Long Short-Term Memory

SEIR:

Susceptible Exposed Infectious Recovered

BPNN:

Backward Propagation Neural Network

GAN:

Generative Adversarial Network

CNN:

Convolutional Neural Network

NLP:

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

NLG:

Natural Language Generation (NLG)

NLU:

Natural Language Understanding

ELMo:

Embeddings from Language Models,

NLTK:

Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK)

ULMFiT:

Universal Language Model Fine Tuning

BERT:

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers

ERNIE:

Enhanced Representation through kNowledge IntEgration

GPT:

Generative Pre-Training

BPT:

Biopharma Trend Analytics

ANN:

Artificial Neural Networks

SARS:

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

MERS:

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

COVID:

Coronavirus Disease

RNA:

Ribonucleic Acid

HCoV-HKU1:

Human Coronavirus HKU1

ARDS:

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

ACE2:

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2

TMPRSS2:

Transmembrane Serine Protease II

ERGIC:

Endoplasmic Reticulum-Golgi Intermediate Compartment

ELISA:

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

POCT:

Point-of-care Testing

RdRp:

RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Gene

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Invertis University, Bareilly, U.P., India

    Balendra V. S. Chauhan

  2. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

    Akanksha Jaiswar

  3. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia

    Ashish Bedi

  4. School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City University of London, London, UK

    Sneha Verma

  5. CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, India

    Vivek Kumar Shrivastaw

  6. Departamento de Arquitectura, Escuela de Arquitectura-Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain

    Ajitanshu Vedrtnam

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Chauhan, B.V.S., Jaiswar, A., Bedi, A., Verma, S., Shrivastaw, V.K., Vedrtnam, A. (2021). Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Molecular Immune Pathogenesis, Ongoing Diagnosis and Treatments for COVID-19. In: Oliva, D., Hassan, S.A., Mohamed, A. (eds) Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 358. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69744-0_29

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