Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of the Cervix

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Atlas of Diagnostic Pathology of the Cervix
  • 1112 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter presents the most relevant epithelial, mesenchymal, and mixed benign neoplasms encountered in the uterine cervix. Compared to malignant lesions, benign neoplastic proliferations of the cervix are rare, but they often manifest clinically and may raise concern for a malignant process. The pathologist must be aware of these lesions and consider them in the differential diagnosis. The histomorphology is usually sufficient to determine the benign nature of these lesions, but on occasion, immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis may be required. Thorough sampling, and ideally, complete excision of the lesion is needed to confidently assign a benign diagnosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Parra-Herran C, Herfs M, Doria M, Crum CP, Nucci MR. Giant condyloma of the cervix: an uncommon entity associated with low-risk human papilloma virus infection. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013;37:300–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Miles PA, Herrera GA, Greenberg H, Eckberg DJ. Condylomas of the uterine cervix initially interpreted as squamous carcinoma: a report of four cases including a lesion resembling the Buschke-Loewenstein giant condyloma. Gynecol Oncol. 1986;24:236–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Schneider V, Kay S, Lee HM. Immunosuppression as a high-risk factor in the development of condyloma acuminatum and squamous neoplasia of the cervix. Acta Cytol. 1983;27:220–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Trivijitsilp P, Mosher R, Sheets EE, Sun D, Crum CP. Papillary immature metaplasia (immature condyloma) of the cervix: a clinicopathologic analysis and comparison with papillary squamous carcinoma. Hum Pathol. 1998;29:641–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mosher RE, Lee KR, Trivijitsilp P, Crum CP. Cytologic correlates of papillary immature metaplasia (immature condyloma) of the cervix. Diagn Cytopathol. 1998;18:416–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kang GH, Min K, Shim YH, Kim KR. Papillary immature metaplasia of the uterine cervix: a report of 5 cases with an emphasis on the differential diagnosis from reactive squamous metaplasia, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and papillary squamous cell carcinoma. J Korean Med Sci. 2001;16:762–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Hennell C, Jamison J, Wells M, McCluggage WG. Inverted papilloma of the cervix and vagina: report of 2 cases of a rare lesion associated with human papillomavirus 42. Hum Pathol. 2012;43:435–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Zamecnik M, Kubalova J. Inverted transitional cell papilloma of the uterine cervix. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2002;6:49–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Robertson DI, Maung R, Duggan MA. Verrucous carcinoma of the genital tract: is it a distinct entity? Can J Surg. 1993;36:147–51.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Liu Y, Zhang Y, Fu J, Tan W. Inflammation-related gene expression profiles of endocervical polyps. J Interf Cytokine Res. 2012;32:191–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Yi KW, Song S-H, Kim KA, Jung WY, Lee JK, Hur J-Y. Giant endocervical polyp mimicking cervical malignancy: primary excision and hysteroscopic resection. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2009;16:498–500.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Massinde AN, Mpogoro F, Rumanyika RN, Magoma M. Uterine prolapse complicated with a giant cervical polyp. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2012;16:64–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Angra S, McCluggage WG. Endocervical polyp with florid “epidermal metaplasia”: report of a previously undescribed phenomenon. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2016;35:478–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Tran TAN. Endocervical polyp with florid “epidermal metaplasia”: report of a previously undescribed phenomenon from a dermatopathologic view: is it an epidermal inclusion cyst or a dermoid cyst. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2017;36:528–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Terada T. Large endocervical polyp with cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia: a hitherto unreported entity. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2009;28:98–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Howitt BE, Quade BJ, Nucci MR. Uterine polyps with features overlap** with those of Müllerian adenosarcoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 29 cases emphasizing their likely benign nature. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015;39:116–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Berzolla CE, Schnatz PF, O’Sullivan DM, Bansal R, Mandavilli S, Sorosky JI. Dysplasia and malignancy in endocervical polyps. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007;16:1317–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Chin N, Platt AB, Nuovo GJ. Squamous intraepithelial lesions arising in benign endocervical polyps: a report of 9 cases with correlation to the Pap smears, HPV analysis, and immunoprofile. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2008;27:582–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Long ME, Dwarica DS, Kastner TM, Gallenberg MM, Chantigian PDM, Marnach ML, et al. Comparison of dysplastic and benign endocervical polyps. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2013;17:142–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Schnatz PF, Ricci S, O’Sullivan DM. Cervical polyps in postmenopausal women: Is there a difference in risk? Menopause. 2009;16:524–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Chu I-L, Chen C-L, Hsu C-S. Adenofibroma of the uterine cervix coexistent with endometriosis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;51:285–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ra JC, Park SB, Lee JB, Han BH, Lee YH, Hong SR. Adenofibroma in the uterine cervix manifesting as multilocular cystic lesions. Ultrasound Q. 2017;33:74–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Haberal A, Cil AP, Gunes M, Cavusoglu D. Papillary adenofibroma of the cervix: a case report. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;26:186–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Abell MR. Papillary adenofibroma of the uterine cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1971;110:990–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Nishida T, Sugiyama T, Ushijima K, Kataoka A, Fujiyoshi K, Tanaka H, et al. An unusual endometrioid adenofibroma of the uterine cervix: a histologic and immunohistochemical study. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 1995;5:236–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Gallardo A, Prat J. Mullerian adenosarcoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 55 cases challenging the existence of adenofibroma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:278–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Zaloudek CJ, Norris HJ. Adenofibroma and adenosarcoma of the uterus: a clinicopathologic study of 35 cases. Cancer. 1981;48:354–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ishiko O, Sumi T, Ueda K, Kawamura N, Ogita S. Uterine cervical adenofibroma associated with Turner’s syndrome in a young woman. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2002;267:49–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Seltzer VL, Levine A, Spiegel G, Rosenfeld D, Coffey EL. Adenofibroma of the uterus: multiple recurrences following wide local excision. Gynecol Oncol. 1990;37:427–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Nucci MR. Pseudoneoplastic glandular lesions of the uterine cervix: a selective review. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2014;33:330–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Gilks CB, Young RH, Clement PB, Hart WR, Scully RE. Adenomyomas of the uterine cervix of of endocervical type: a report of ten cases of a benign cervical tumor that may be confused with adenoma malignum [corrected]. Mod Pathol. 1996;9:220–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Mahmoudinia M, Mirteimoori M, Attaranzadeh A. Adenomyomas of the uterine cervix in the first-trimester of pregnancy: a case report. Iran J Med Sci. 2019;44:427–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Matsuzaki S, Matsuzaki S, Tanaka Y, Fujita M, Yoshino K, Kimura T. Large uterine cervical adenomyoma excised by vaginal approach: case report, images, and literature review. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2014;21:954–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Uppal S, Heller DS, Cracchiolo B. Adenomyoma of the cervix: report of a case and review of the literature. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2003;7:218–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Mikami Y, Maehata K, Fujiwara K, Manabe T. Endocervical adenomyoma. A case report with histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. APMIS. 2001;109:546–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Tahlan A, Nanda A, Mohan H. Uterine adenomyoma: a clinicopathologic review of 26 cases and a review of the literature. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2006;25:361–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Casey S, McCluggage WG. Adenomyomas of the uterine cervix: report of a cohort including endocervical and novel variants [corrected]. Histopathology. 2015;66:420–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Tiltman AJ. Leiomyomas of the uterine cervix: a study of frequency. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1998;17:231–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Pollard RR, Goldberg JM. Prolapsed cervical myoma after uterine artery embolization. A case report. J Reprod Med. 2001;46:499–500.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Oruç S, Karaer O, Kurtul O. Coexistence of a prolapsed, pedunculated cervical myoma and pregnancy complications: a case report. J Reprod Med. 2004;49:575–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Erian J, El-Toukhy T, Chandakas S, Kazal O, Hill N. Rapidly enlarging cervical fibroids during pregnancy: a case report. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;24:578–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Fadare O, Ghofrani M, Stamatakos MD, Tavassoli FA. Mesenchymal lesions of the uterine cervix. Pathol Case Rev. 2006;11:140–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Morales FDA, Suescún O, Martínez L, Dulcey I. Surgical management of a large neurilemmoma-like leiomyoma of the uterine cervix mimicking a retroperitoneal tumor. Gynecol Oncol Rep. 2017;21:53–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kamra HT, Dantkale SS, Birla K, Sakinlawar PW, Narkhede RR. Myxoid leiomyoma of cervix. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7:2956–7.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Peng K, Jiang L-Y, Teng S-W, Wang P-H. Degenerative leiomyoma of the cervix: a typical clinical presentation and an unusual finding. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;55:293–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Terada T. Giant subserosal lipoleiomyomas of the uterine cervix and corpus: a report of 2 cases. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2015;23:e1–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Fadare O. Uncommon sarcomas of the uterine cervix: a review of selected entities. Diagn Pathol. 2006;1:30.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Turhan N, Simavli S, Kaygusuz I, Kasap B. Totally inverted cervix due to a huge prolapsed cervical myoma simulating chronic non-puerperal uterine inversion. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2014;5:513–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Liu Q, Sun X. Giant fibroepithelial polyp of the uterine cervix. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;32:405–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Rexhepi M, Trajkovska E, Koprivnjak K. An unusually large fibroepithelial polyp of uterine cervix: case report and review of literature. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7:1998–2001.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Clement PB. Multinucleated stromal giant cells of the uterine cervix. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1985;109:200–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Varga Z, Caduff R. Fibroepithelial polyp of the uterine cervix. Histopathology. 1999;34:375–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Nucci MR, Young RH, Fletcher CD. Cellular pseudosarcomatous fibroepithelial stromal polyps of the lower female genital tract: an underrecognized lesion often misdiagnosed as sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24:231–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Hartmann CA, Sperling M, Stein H. So-called fibroepithelial polyps of the vagina exhibiting an unusual but uniform antigen profile characterized by expression of desmin and steroid hormone receptors but no muscle-specific actin or macrophage markers. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990;93:604–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Mucitelli DR, Charles EZ, Kraus FT. Vulvovaginal polyps. Histologic appearance, ultrastructure, immunocytochemical characteristics, and clinicopathologic correlations. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1990;9:20–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Howitt BE, Fletcher CDM. Mammary-type myofibroblastoma: clinicopathologic characterization in a series of 143 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016;40:361–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Abdelaziz M, Eziba N, Sharma S, Kleven D, Al-Hendy A. Cervical superficial myofibroblastoma: case report and review of the literature. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2017;5:2050313X17726936.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Roncati L, Pusiol T, Piscioli F, Barbolini G, Maiorana A. Undetermined cervical smear due to angiomyofibroblastoma of the cervix uteri. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;37:829–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Babala P, Bíró C, Klacko M, Miklos P, Ondrus D. Angiomyofibroblastoma of the cervix uteri: a case report. Klin Onkol. 2011;24:133–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Zámecník M, Michal M. Angiomyofibroblastoma of the lower genital tract in women. Cesk Patol. 1994;30:16–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Imen BS, Mounir M. An unusual localisation of a superficial angiomyxoma. Pan Afr Med J. 2017;28:117.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Stewart CJR, Amanuel B, Brennan BA, Jain S, Rajakaruna R, Wallace S. Superficial cervico-vaginal myofibroblastoma: a report of five cases. Pathology. 2005;37:144–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Laskin WB, Fetsch JF, Tavassoli FA. Superficial cervicovaginal myofibroblastoma: fourteen cases of a distinctive mesenchymal tumor arising from the specialized subepithelial stroma of the lower female genital tract. Hum Pathol. 2001;32:715–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Cinel L, O’Hara B, Prestipino A. Superficial myofibroblastoma of the lower female genital tract in the uterine cervix showing focal pseudosarcomatous morphology. Pathology. 2009;41:691–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Magro G, Righi A, Casorzo L, Antonietta T, Salvatorelli L, Kacerovská D, et al. Mammary and vaginal myofibroblastomas are genetically related lesions: Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis shows deletion of 13q14 region. Hum Pathol. 2012;43:1887–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Magro G, Righi A, Caltabiano R, Casorzo L, Michal M. Vulvovaginal angiomyofibroblastomas: morphologic, immunohistochemical, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for deletion of 13q14 region. Hum Pathol. 2014;45:1647–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Tahmasbi M, Nguyen J, Ghayouri M, Shan Y, Hakam A. Primary uterine cervix schwannoma: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Pathol. 2012;2012:353049.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Hulsebos TJM, Kenter S, Siebers-Renelt U, Hans V, Wesseling P, Flucke U. SMARCB1 involvement in the development of leiomyoma in a patient with schwannomatosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2014;38:421–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Lastra RR, Bavuso N, Randall TC, Brooks JS, Barroeta JE. Neurofibroma of the cervix presenting as cervical stenosis in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2012;31:192–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Wei EX, Albores-Saavedra J, Fowler MR. Plexiform neurofibroma of the uterine cervix: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2005;129:783–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Gordon MD, Weilert M, Ireland K. Plexiform neurofibromatosis involving the uterine cervix, endometrium, myometrium, and ovary. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;88:699–701.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Luevano-Flores E, Sotelo J, Tena-Suck M. Glial polyp (glioma) of the uterine cervix, report of a case with demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Gynecol Oncol. 1985;21:385–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Roca AN, Guajardo M, Estrada WJ. Glial polyp of the cervix and endometrium. Report of a case and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol. 1980;73:718–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Siddon A, Hui P. Glial heterotopia of the uterine cervix: DNA genoty** confirmation of its fetal origin. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2010;29:394–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Mills AM, Karamchandani JR, Vogel H, Longacre TA. Endocervical fibroblastic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (neurofibrosarcoma): report of a novel entity possibly related to endocervical CD34 fibrocytes. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011;35:404–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Dey B, Chanu SM, Mishra J, Marbaniang E, Raphael V. Schwannoma of the uterine cervix: a rare case report. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2019;62:134–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Moreno-Rodríguez M, Pérez-Sicilia M, Delinois R. Lipoma of the endocervix. Histopathology. 1999;35:483–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Brandfass RT, Everts-Suarez EA. Lipomatous tumors of the uterus; a review of the world’s literature with report of a case of true lipoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1955;70:359–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Zahn CM, Kendall BS, Liang CY. Spindle cell lipoma of the female genital tract. A report of two cases. J Reprod Med. 2001;46:769–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Kondi-Pafiti A, Kairi-Vassilatou E, Spanidou-Carvouni H, Kontogianni K, Dimopoulou K, Goula K. Vascular tumors of the female genital tract: a clinicopathological study of nine cases. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2003;24:48–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Gupta R, Singh S, Nigam S, Khurana N. Benign vascular tumors of female genital tract. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2006;16:1195–200.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Ahern JK, Allen NH. Cervical hemangioma: a case report and review of the literature. J Reprod Med. 1978;21:228–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Busca A, Parra-Herran C. Hemangiomas of the uterine cervix: association with abnormal bleeding and pain in young women and hormone receptor expression. Report of four cases and review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract. 2016;212:532–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Jackson J. Natural history of a cervical cavernous hemangioma through two pregnancies. J Am Board Fam Pract. 1993;6:283–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Mahapatra S, Das BP, Kar A, Das R, Hazra K, Sethy S. Cavernous hemangioma of uterine cervix in pregnancy mimicking cervical fibroid. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2013;63:288–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Reggiani Bonetti L, Boselli F, Lupi M, Bettelli S, Schirosi L, Bigiani N, et al. Expression of estrogen receptor in hemangioma of the uterine cervix: reports of three cases and review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009;280:469–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Ohayi SA, Ezugwu EC, Aderibigbe AS, Udeh EI. Angiosarcoma of the cervix: a case and literature review. Niger J Med. 2013;22:362–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Susini T, Molino C, Castiglione F, Olivieri S. Masson’s vegetant hemangioendothelioma arising in the uterine cervix during pregnancy: a case report. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010;19:1759–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Matsika A, Anderson JK, Bligh JF, Whitehouse AL. Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of the uterine cervix with CAMTA1/WWTR1 translocation. Pathology. 2014;46:355–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Zhang H, Luo J, Feng X. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in the uterine cervix of a 5-year girl. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2012;31:273–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Val-Bernal J-F, Hermana S. Arteriovenous malformation of the uterine cervix. Pathol Res Pract. 2016;212:226–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Horie Y, Kato M. Pseudovascular squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a lesion that may simulate an angiosarcoma. Pathol Int. 1999;49:170–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Cherkis RC, Kamath CP. Hemangioma of the uterine cervix and pregnancy. A case report. J Reprod Med. 1988;33:393–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Umezaki I, Takagi K, Aiba M, Ohta H. Uterine cervical diverticulum resembling a degenerated leiomyoma. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;103:1130–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Rajiah P, Eastwood KL, Gunn MLD, Dighe M. Uterine diverticulum. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113:525–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Coronado PJ, Fasero M, Vidart JA. Cervical diverticulum: an unusual cause of chronic menometrorrhagia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008;137:126–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Zafarani F, Ahmadi F, Shahrzad G. Hysterosal**ographic features of cervical abnormalities: acquired structural anomalies. Br J Radiol. 2015;88:20150045.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  98. Erickson SS, Van Voorhis BJ. Intermenstrual bleeding secondary to cesarean scar diverticuli: report of three cases. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;93:802–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Eisenstein MI, Posner AC. Sacculation of the pregnant uterus at term: review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol. 1964;23:118–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Weissberg SM, Gall SA. Sacculation of the pregnant uterus. Obstet Gynecol. 1972;39:691–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Dierickx I, Mesens T, Van Holsbeke C, Meylaerts L, Voets W, Gyselaers W. Recurrent incarceration and/or sacculation of the gravid uterus: a review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010;23:776–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Seoud M, Awwad J, Adra A, Usta I, Khalil A, Nassar A. Primary infertility associated with isolated cervical collecting diverticulum. Fertil Steril. 2002;77:179–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Bai J, Zheng G, Yang B, Lei L, Ren Q. Uterine cervical diverticulum containing a blood clot. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2010;111:269–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Young RH, Kurman RJ, Scully RE. Placental site nodules and plaques. A clinicopathologic analysis of 20 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1990;14:1001–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Van Dorpe J, Moerman P. Placental site nodule of the uterine cervix. Histopathology. 1996;29:379–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Shih IM, Seidman JD, Kurman RJ. Placental site nodule and characterization of distinctive types of intermediate trophoblast. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:687–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Giordano G, Manuguerra R, Varotti E, Brigati F. A case of placental site nodule associated with cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2016;37:259–61.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Chew I, Post MD, Carinelli SG, Campbell S, Di Y, Soslow RA, Oliva E. p16 expression in squamous and trophoblastic lesions of the upper female genital tract. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2010;29:513–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Kaur B, Short D, Fisher RA, Savage PM, Seckl MJ, Sebire NJ. Atypical placental site nodule (APSN) and association with malignant gestational trophoblastic disease; a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2015;34:152–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carlos Parra-Herran .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Parra-Herran, C. (2021). Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of the Cervix. In: Soslow, R.A., Park, K.J., Stolnicu, S. (eds) Atlas of Diagnostic Pathology of the Cervix. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49954-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49954-9_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-49953-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-49954-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation