Theory on Status: A Cross-Discipline Literature Review

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Conspicuous Employment

Part of the book series: Contributions to Management Science ((MANAGEMENT SC.))

  • 345 Accesses

Abstract

Conspicuous employment is the prestige-oriented behaviour of employers and employees on the job market. Prestigious employer preference (PEP) describes individual’s motivational component to prefer highly reputable employers for status concerns. In this chapter, I report foundational literature review on status research and, more specifically, research focused on status in the employment field. The findings of this extensive and integrative review create the foundation for the research context and the research gap of this study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alba, B., McIlwain, D., Wheeler, L., & Jones, M. P. (2014). Status consciousness: A preliminary construction of a scale measuring individual differences in status-relevant attitudes, beliefs, and desires. Journal of Individual Differences, 35(3), 166–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambler, T., & Barrow, S. (1996). The employer brand. The Journal of Brand Management, 4(3), 185–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C. (2016). Curriculum vitae.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C., & Cowan, J. (2014). Personality and status attainment: A micropolitics perspective. In J. T. Cheng, J. L. Tracy, & C. Anderson (Eds.), The psychology of social status (pp. 99–117). New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C., & Kilduff, G. J. (2009). The pursuit of status in social groups. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(5), 295–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C., John, O. P., Keltner, D., & Kring, A. M. (2001). Who attains social status? effects of personality and physical attractiveness in social groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(1), 116–132.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C., Ames, D. R., & Gosling, S. D. (2008a). Punishing hubris: The perils of overestimating one’s status in a group. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(1), 90–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Journal, 14(1), 20–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, A. E. (1998). Recruiting employees: Individual and organizational perspectives. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA: Foundations for organizational science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, A. E., & Roehling, M. V. (1993). Job postings and the decision to interview: A verbal protocol analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(5), 845–856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barkow, J. H. (1975). Prestige and culture: A biosocial interpretation. Current Anthropology, 16(4), 553–572.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barkow, J. H. (2014). Prestige and the ongoing process of culture revision. In J. T. Cheng, J. L. Tracy, & C. Anderson (Eds.), The psychology of social status (pp. 29–70). New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnard, C. I. (1938). The functions of the executive. London: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartels, J., Pruyn, A., & Jong, M. (2009). Employee identification before and after an internal merger: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(1), 113–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basdeo, D. K., Smith, K. G., Grimm, C. M., Rindova, V. P., & Derfus, P. J. (2006). The impact of market actions on firm reputation. Strategic Management Journal, 27(12), 1205–1219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belt, J. A., & Paolillo, J. G. (1982). The influence of corporate image and specificity of candidate qualifications on response to recruitment advertisement. Journal of Management, 8(1), 105–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bendersky, C., & Hays, N. A. (2012). Status conflict in groups. Organization Science, 23(2), 323–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bendersky, C., & Shah, N. P. (2013). The downfall of extraverts and rise of neurotics: The dynamic process of status allocation in task groups. Academy of Management Journal, 56(2), 387–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, B. A., & Podolny, J. M. (1999). Status, quality, and social order in the california wine industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 563–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, J. (2016). Biography.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, J., Cohen, B. P., & Zelditch, M. (1972). Status characteristics and social interaction. American Sociological Review, 37(3), 241–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, J., Rosenholtz, S. J., & Zelditch, M. (1980). Status organizing processes. Annual Review of Sociology, 6, 479–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, J., Ridgeway, C. L., Fisek, H. M., & Norman, R. Z. (1998). The legitimation and delegitimation of power and prestige orders. American Sociological Review, 63(3), 379–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, C. J. (1994). The idea of luxury: A conceptual and historical investigation, volume 30 of Ideas in context. New York, NY; Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhat, S., & Reddy, S. K. (1998). Symbolic and functional positioning of brands. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 15(1), 32–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyam, C. B., Rao, H., & Glynn, M. A. (1995). Understanding the bond of identification: An investigation of its correlates among art museum members. Journal of Marketing Research, 59(4), 46–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blalock, H. M. (1967). Status inconsistency, social mobility, status integration and structural effects. American Sociological Review, 32(5), 790–801.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blau, P. M. (2012). Exchange and power in social life (reprint in 1964). In C. J. Calhoun (Ed.), Contemporary sociological theory (pp. 112–123). Chichester and West Sussex and Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blau, P. M., & Duncan, O. D. (1964). The American Occupational Structure. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bothner, M. S. (2016). Curriculum vitae.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bothner, M. S., Kim, Y.-K., & Smith, E. B. (2012). How does status affect performance? status as an asset vs. status as a liability in the pga and nascar. Organization Science, 23(2), 416–433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bothner, M. S., Podolny, J. M., & Smith, E. B. (2011). Organizing contests for status: The matthew effect vs. the mark effect. Management Science, 57(3), 439–457.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bothner, M. S., Kang, J.-H., & Stuart, T. E. (2007). Competitive crowding and risk taking in a tournament: Evidence from nascar racing. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(2), 208–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. J. (1985). Culture and the evolutionary process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buunk, A. P., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Social comparison: The end of a theory and the emergence of a field. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(1), 3–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cable, D. M., & Turban, D. B. (2003). The value of organizational reputation in the recruitment context: a brand-equity perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 33(11), 2244–2266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carli, L. L., LaFleur, S. J., & Loeber, C. C. (1995). Nonverbal behavior, gender, and influence. Interpersonal Relations and Group Processes, 68(6), 1030–1041.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carmeli, A. (2004). The link between organizational elements, perceived external prestige and performance. Corporate Reputation Review, 6(4), 314–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carmeli, A. (2005). Perceived external prestige, affective commitment, and citizenship behaviors. Organization Studies, 26(3), 443–464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carmeli, A., & Freund, A. (2002). The relationship between work and workplace attitudes and perceived external prestige. Corporate Reputation Review, 5(1), 51–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carmeli, A., Gilat, G., & Weisberg, J. (2006). Perceived external prestige, organizational identification and affective commitment: A stakeholder approach. Corporate Reputation Review, 9(2), 92–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, S. M. (2006). The interaction of top management group, stakeholder, and situational factors on certain corporate reputation management activities. Journal of Management Studies, 43(5), 1145–1176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, E. G., Foulon, M., Handfield-Jones, H., Hankin, S. M., & Micheals, E. G. (1998). The war for talent. McKinsey Quarterly, 44–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chance, M. R. A. (1967). Attention structure as the basis of primate rank orders. Man, New Series, 2(4), 503–518.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charness, G., Masclet, D., & Villeval, M. C. (2014). The dark side of competition for status. Management Science, 60(1), 38–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y.-R., Peterson, R. S., Phillips, D. J., Podolny, J. M., & Ridgeway, C. L. (2012). Introduction to the special issue: Bringing status to the table-attaining, maintaining, and experiencing status in organizations and markets. Organization Science, 23(2), 299–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, H., & Furnham, A. (2012). Childhood cognitive ability, education, and personality traits predict attainment in adult occupational prestige over 17years. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81(2), 218–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, J. T., & Tracy, J. L. (2014). Toward a unified science of hierarchy: Dominance and prestige are two fundamental pathways to human social rank. In J. T. Cheng, J. L. Tracy, & C. Anderson (Eds.), The psychology of social status (pp. 3–28). New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, J. T., Tracy, J. L., Foulsham, T., Kingstone, A., & Henrich, J. (2013). Two ways to the top: Evidence that dominance and prestige are distinct yet viable avenues to social rank and influence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(1), 103–125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cialdini, R. B., & Borden, R. J. (1976). Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34(3), 366–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ciftcioglu, A. (2011). The relationship between perceived external prestige and turnover intention: An empirical investigation. Corporate Reputation Review, 13(4), 248–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R. A., Zboja, J. J., & Goldsmith, R. E. (2007). Status consumption and role-relaxed consumption: A tale of two retail consumers. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 14(1), 45–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. The American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, C. J., & Stevens, C. K. (2002). The relationship between early recruitment-related activities and the application decisions of new labor-market entrants: A brand equity approach to recruitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(6), 1121–1133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connelly, B. L., Certo, S. T., Ireland, R. D., & Reutzel, C. R. (2011). Signaling theory: A review and assessment. Journal of Management, 37(1), 39–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Counts, G. S. (1925). The social status of occupations: A problem in vocational guidance. The School Review, 33(1), 16–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunynghame, H. (1892). Some improvements in simple geometrical methods of treating exchange value, monopoly, and rent. Economic Journal, 2(5), 35–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, K., & Moore, W. E. (1944). Some principles of stratification. American Sociological Review, 10(2), 242–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deephouse, D. L. (2000). Media reputation as a strategic resource: an integration of mass communication and resource-based theories. Journal of Management, 26(6), 1091–1112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dentan, R. K. (1979). The Semai: A nonviolent people of Malaya. Rinehart and Winston, New York: Holt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Driskell, J. E., & Mullen, B. (1990). Status, expectations, and behavior: A meta-analytic review and test of theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16(3), 541–553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Driskell, J. E., Olmstead, M. P., & Salas, E. (1993). Task cues, dominance cues, and influence in task groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 51–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duesenberry, J. S. (1949). Income, saving and the theory of consumer behaviour. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dukerich, J. M., Golden, B. R., & Shortell, S. M. (2002). Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: the impact of organizational identification, identity, and image on the cooperative behaviors of physicians. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47(3), 507–533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, R. M. (1962). Power-dependence relations. American Sociological Review, 27(1), 31–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fershtman, C., Murphy, K. M., & Weiss, Y. (1996). Social status, education, and growth. Journal of Political Economy, 104(1), 108–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, C. (1998, August). The war for talent. Fast Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiske, S. T. (2010). Interpersonal stratification: Status, power, and subordination. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, G. Lindzey, & A. E. Jongsma (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (pp. 941–983). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Flynn, F. J., Reagans, R. E., Amanatullah, E. T., & Ames, D. R. (2006). Hel** one’s way to the top: Self-monitors achieve status by hel** others and knowing who helps whom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 1123–1137.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fombrun, C. J. (1990). Reputation: Realizing value from the corporate image. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fombrun, C., & Shanley, M. (1990). What’s in a name? Reputation building and corporate strategy. The Academy of Management Journal, 33(2), 233–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, R. H. (1985). Choosing the right pond: Human behavior and the quest for status. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • French, J. R., & Raven, B. (1959). The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright (Ed.), Studies in Social Power (pp. 150–167). Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galinsky, A. (2016). Curriculum vitae.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gambetta, D. (2009). Signaling. In P. Hedström & P. S. Bearman (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of analytical sociology, Oxford handbooks (pp. 168–194). Oxford and UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatewood, R. D., Gowan, M. A., & Lautenschlager, G. J. (1993). Corporate image, recruitment image, and initial job choice decisions. The Academy of Management Journal, 36(2), 414–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, A. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: the development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 129–142.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, E. (1956). The nature of deference and demeanor. American Anthropologist, 58(3), 473–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldhammer, H., & Shils, E. A. (1939). Types of power and status. American Journal of Sociology, 45(2), 171–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gottfredson, L. S. (1980). Construct validity of holland’s occupational typology in terms of prestige, census, department of labor, and other classification systems. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(6), 697–714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granovetter, M. (1973). The strenght of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–1380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J. M., & van den Bergh, B. (2010). Going green to be seen: Status, reputation, and conspicuous conservation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(3), 392–404.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guerrero, S., & Herrbach, O. (2009). Manager organizational commitment: A question of support or image? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(7), 1536–1553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guppy, N., & Goyder, J. C. (1984). Consensus on occupational prestige: A reassessment of the evidence. Social Forces, 62(3), 709–725.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hakmiller, K. L. (1966). Threat as a determinant of downward comparison. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1(1), 32–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. A., Coats, E. J., & LeBeau, L. S. (2005). Nonverbal behavior and the vertical dimension of social relations: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 898–924.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, C. L., & Van Vugt, M. (2006). Nice guys finish first: The competitive altruism hypothesis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(10), 1402–1413.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, K. T., Hitt, M. A., & Campbell, J. T. (2015). The dark side of leadership: Towards a mid-range theory of hubris and greed in entrepreneurial contexts. Journal of Management Studies, 52(4), 479–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hemphill, K. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1991). Social comparisons and their affective consequences: The importance of comparison dimension and individual difference variables. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 10(4), 372–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henrich, J., & Gil-White, F. J. (2001). The evolution of prestige: Freely conferred deference as a mechanism for enhancing the benefits of cultural transmission. Evolution and Human Behavior, 22(3), 165–196.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herrbach, O., & Mignonac, K. (2004). How organisational image affects employee attitudes. Human Resource Management, 14(4), 76–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Highhouse, S., Zickar, M. J., Thorsteinson, T. J., Stierwalt, S. L., & Slaughter, J. E. (1999). Assessing company employment image: An example in the fast food industry. Personnel Psychology, 52(1), 151–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Highhouse, S., Thornbury, E. E., & Little, I. S. (2007). Social-identity functions of attraction to organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 103(1), 134–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiller, N. J., & Hambrick, D. C. (2005). Conceptualizing executive hubris: The role of (hyper-)core self-evaluations in strategic decision-making. Strategic Management Journal, 26(4), 297–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, F. (2014). Social limits to growth. New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodge, R. W. (1981). The measurement of occupational status. Social Science Research, 10(4), 396–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodge, R. W., Siegel, P. M., & Rossi, P. H. (1964). Occupational prestige in the united states, 1925–63. American Journal of Sociology, 70(3), 286–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, R., & Hogan, J. (1991). Personality and status. In D. G. Gilbert & J. J. Connolly (Eds.), Personality, social skills, and psychopathology, Perspectives on individual differences (pp. 137–154). New York, NY: Plenum Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Homans, G. C. (1951). The human group. London: The international library of sociology. The sociology of behaviour and psychology. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hope, K. (Ed.). (1972). The analysis of social mobility: Methods and approaches. London and UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, K. A., Carlstrom, A. H., Katz, A. D., Chew, A. Y., Ray, G. C., Laine, L., et al. (2011). Career aspirations of youth: Untangling race/ethnicity, ses, and gender. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(1), 98–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyman, H. H. (1942). The psychology of status. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jasso, G. (2001). Studying status: An integrated framework. American Sociological Review, 66(1), 96–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. (2012). On the value of aiming high: The causes and consequences of ambition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(4), 758–775.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R., & Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 765–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., Piccolo, R. F., & Kosalka, T. (2009). The bright and dark sides of leader traits: A review and theoretical extension of the leader trait paradigm. Leadership Quarterly, 20(6), 855–875.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2008). Self-esteem and extrinsic career success: Test of a dynamic model. Applied Psychology, 57(2), 204–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kang, D.-S., Stewart, J., & Kim, H. (2011). The effects of perceived external prestige, ethical organizational climate, and leader-member exchange (lmx) quality on employees’ commitments and their subsequent attitudes. Personnel Review, 40(6), 761–784.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, R. L. (1995). The foraging spectrum: Diversity in hunter-gatherer lifeways. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H.-R., Lee, M., Lee, H.-T., & Kim, N.-M. (2010). Corporate social responsibility and employee-company identification. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(4), 557–569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, C., & Grace, D. (2010). Building and measuring employee-based brand equity. European Journal of Marketing, 44(7/8), 938–971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, C., & Grace, D. (2012). Examining the antecedents of positive employee brand-related attitudes and behaviours. European Journal of Marketing, 46(3/4), 469–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, C., Grace, D., & Funk, D. C. (2011). Employee brand equity: Scale development and validation. Journal of Brand Management, 19(4), 268–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirmani, A., & Zhu, R. (2007). Vigilant against manipulation: The effect of regulatory focus on the use of persuasion knowledge. Journal of Marketing Research, 44(4), 688–701.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kyl-Heku, L. M., & Buss, D. M. (1996). Tactics as units of analysis in personality psychology: An illustration using tactics of hierarchy negotiation. Personality and Individual Differences, 21(4), 497–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lacy, W. B., Bokemeier, J. L., & Shepard, J. M. (1983). Job attributed preferences and work commitment of men and women in the united states. Personnel Psychology, 36(2), 315–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lange, D., Lee, P. M., & Dai, Y. (2010). Organizational reputation: A review. Journal of Management, 37(1), 153–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawler, E. J. (2005). Role of status in group processes. In M. C. Thomas-Hunt (Ed.), Status and Groups (Vol. 7, pp. 315–325). Research on Managing Groups and Teams Emerald: Bingley and UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leary, M. R., Jongman-Sereno, K. P., & Diebels, K. J. (2014). The pursuit of status: A self-presentational perspective on the quest for social value. In J. T. Cheng, J. L. Tracy, & C. Anderson (Eds.), The psychology of social status (pp. 159–178). New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, M. T., & Ofshe, R. (1981). The impact of behavioral style and status characteristics on social influence: A test of two competing theories. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44(2), 73–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, I. H., & Rojewski, J. W. (2009). Development of occupational aspiration prestige: A piecewise latent growth model of selected influences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(1), 82–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leibenstein, H. (1950). Bandwagon, snob, and veblen effects in the theory of consumers’ demand. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 64(2), 183–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lievens, F. (2007). Employer branding in the belgian army: The importance of instrumental and symbolic beliefs for potential applicants, actual applicants, and military employees. Human Resource Management, 46(1), 51–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lievens, F., & Highhouse, S. (2003). The relation of instrumental and symbolic attributes to a company’s attractiveness as an employer. Personnel Psychology, 56(1), 75–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, N. (1999b). Social networks and status attainment. Annual Review of Sociology, 25(1), 467–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, R. G., De Vader, C., & Alliger, G. M. (1986). A meta-analysis of the relation between personality traits and leadership perceptions: An application of validity generalization procedures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 402–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magee, J. (2016). Curriculum vitae.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magee, J. C., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Social hierarchy: The self-reinforcing nature of power and status. The Academy of Management Annals, 2(1), 351–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, A. (1890). Principles of Economics. Limited, London: MacMillan and Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1848). Manifesto of the Communist Party (reprint of 1969). Moscow: Progress Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslow, A. H. (1937). Dominance-feeling, behavior, and status. Psychological Review, 44(5), 404–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maslow, A. H. (1954). The instinctoid nature of basic needs. Journal of Personality, 22(3), 326–347.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mason, J. L. (1965). The low prestige of personal selling. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(4), 7–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, N. A., & Belt, J. A. (1986). Effectiveness of specificity in recruitment advertising. Journal of Management, 12(3), 425–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazur, A. (1985). A biosocial model of status in face-to-face primate groups. Social Forces, 64(2), 377–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merton, R. K. (1968). The matthew effect in science. Science, 159(3810), 56–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra, S. K. (2013). Perceived external prestige and employee outcomes: Mediation effect of organizational identification. Corporate Reputation Review, 16(3), 220–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Opinion Research Center (NORC). (1947). Jobs and occupations: a popular evaluation. Opinion News, 47(9), 3–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, J. L. (Ed.). (2011). Status in management and organizations. Cambridge and UK: Cambridge companions to management. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, J. C., Przybysz, J., & Al-Sheikh, M. (2009). Reconsidering the “aspiration-expectation gap” and assumed gender differences among urban youth. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(3), 349–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, J. (2001). Fighting the war for talent is hazardous to your organization’s health. Organizational Dynamics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, J., & Ross, J. (1980). Union-nonunion effects on wage and status attainment. Industrial Relations, 19(2), 140–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, J., & Ross, J. (1981). Unionization and female wage and status attainment. Industrial Relations, 20(2), 179–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, D. J. (2016). Curriculum vitae.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, D. J., & Zuckerman, E. W. (2001). Middle-status conformity: Theoretical restatement and empirical demonstration in two markets. American Journal of Sociology, 107(2), 379–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piazza, A., & Castellucci, F. (2014). Status in organization and management theory. Journal of Management, 40(1), 287–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podolny, J. M. (1993). A status-based model of market competition. American Journal of Sociology, 98(4), 829–872.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podolny, J. M. (2005). Status signals: A sociological study of market competition. J and Woodstock: Princeton University Press, Princeton and N.

    Google Scholar 

  • Podolny, J. M., & Lynn, F. (2009). Status. In P. Hedström & P. S. Bearman (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of analytical sociology, Oxford handbooks (pp. 544–565). Oxford and UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Podolny, J. M., & Phillips, D. J. (1996). The dynamics of organizational status. Industrial and Corporate Change, 5(2), 453–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, G. N. (1991). Applicant reactions to the initial employment interview: Exploring theoretical and methodological issues. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 67–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, M. G. (1998). To be or not to be? central questions in organizational identification. In D. A. Whetten & P. C. Godfrey (Eds.), Identity in organizations, Foundations for organizational science (pp. 171–207). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radzevick, J. R., & Moore, D. A. (2011). Competing to be certain (but wrong): Market dynamics and excessive confidence in judgment. Management Science, 57(1), 93–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rae, J. (1834). Statement of some new principles on the subject of political economy. Boston, MA: Hilliard, Gray, and Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, A. R. (1994). The social construction of reputation: Certification contests, legitimation, and the survival of organizations in the american automobile industry: 1895–1912. Strategic Management Journal, 15(1), 29–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reiss, A. J. (1961). Occupations and social status. New York, NY: Glencoe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resick, C. J., Whitman, D. S., Weingarden, S. M., & Hiller, N. J. (2009). The bright-side and the dark-side of ceo personality: Examining core self-evaluations, narcissism, transformational leadership, and strategic influence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1365–1381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ridgeway, C. (2016). Curriculum vitae.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridgeway, C. L. (1987). Nonverbal behavior, dominance, and the basis of status in task groups. American Sociological Review, 52(5), 683–694.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ridgeway, C. L. (1991). The social construction of status value: gender and other nominal characteristics. Social Forces, 70(2), 367–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ridgeway, C. L., & Balkwell, J. W. (1997). Group processes and the diffusion of status beliefs. Social Psychology Quarterly, 60(1), 14–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ridgeway, C., & Diekema, D. (1989). Dominance and collective hierarchy formation in male and female task groups. American Sociological Review, 54(1), 79–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ridgeway, C. L., & Erickson, K. G. (2000). Creating and spreading status beliefs. American Journal of Sociology, 106(3), 579–615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, J. G. (2001). Silver signals: twenty-five years of screening and signaling. Journal of Economic Literature, 39(2), 432–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roccas, S. (2003). Identification and status revisited: The moderating role of self-enhancement and self-transcendence values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(6), 726–736.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rynes, S. L., Reeves, C. J., & Darnold, T. C. (2014). The history of recruitment research. In K. Y. T. Yu & D. M. Cable (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of recruitment, Oxford library of psychology (pp. 335–360). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauder, M., Lynn, F., & Podolny, J. M. (2012). Status: Insights from organizational sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 38(1), 267–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlenker, B. R. (2011). Self-presentation. In M. R. Leary & T. June (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity. New York, NY: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherif, M. (1936). The psychology on social norms. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shils, E. (1968). Deference. In J. A. Jackson (Ed.), Social stratification, Sociological studies (pp. 104–132). Cambridge and UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skvoretz, J., & Fararo, T. J. (1996). Status and participation in task groups: A dynamic network model. American Journal of Sociology, 101(5), 1366–1414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. M., & Harper, D. G. C. (1995). Animal signals: Models and terminology. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 177(3), 305–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spence, M. (1973). Job market signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stacey, B. (1969). Achievement motivation, occupational choice and inter-generation occupational mobility. Human Relations, 22(3), 275–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stinchcombe, A. L. (1986). Stratification and organization: Selected papers. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, G., & Featherman, D. L. (1981). A revised socioeconomic index of occupational status. Social Science Research, 10(4), 364–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart, T. E., Hoang, H., & Hybels, R. C. (1999). Interorganizational endorsements and the performance of entrepreneurial ventures. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 315–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suls, J. M., & Wheeler, L. (2012). Social comparison theory. In P. A. M. v. Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins, (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 460–482). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suls, J. M., & Miller, R. L. (1977). Social comparison processes: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. Washington, NY: Hemisphere.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (2004). The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In J. T. Jost & J. Sidanius (Eds.), Political psychology: Key readings (pp. 276–293). New York, NY: Psychology Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. Oxford and UK: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, D. A., & Arrowood, A. J. (1966). Self-evaluation, self-enhancement, and the locus of social comparison. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1(1), 40–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiedens, L. Z., & Fragale, A. R. (2003). Power moves: Complementarity in dominant and submissive nonverbal behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(3), 558–568.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tiedens, L. Z., Unzueta, M. M., & Young, M. J. (2007). An unconscious desire for hierarchy? the motivated perception of dominance complementarity in task partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(3), 402–414.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tracy, S. J., & Clifton, S. (2006). Sexuality, masculinity, and taint management among firefighters and correctional ofticers. Management Communication Quarterly, 20(1), 6–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Treiman, D. J. (1977). Occupational prestige in comparative prespective. New York, NY: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Truyts, T. (2010). Social status in economic theory. Journal of Economic Surveys, 24(1), 137–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turban, D. B. (1998). Applicant attraction to firms: influences of organization reputation, job and organizational attributes, and recruiter behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 52(1), 24–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turban, D. B., & Cable, D. M. (2003). Firm reputation and applicant pool characteristics. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(6), 733–751.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Hoye, G., Bas, T., Cromheecke, S., & Lievens, F. (2013). The instrumental and symbolic dimensions of organisations’ image as an employer: A large-scale field study on employer branding in turkey. Applied Psychology, 62(4), 543–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veblen, T. (1899). The theory of the leisure class (reprinted in. 1915). Great minds series: Prometheus Books. NY: Amherst.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vecchio, R. P. (1980). A test of a moderator of the job satisfaction-job quality relationship: The case of religious affiliation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(2), 195–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vecchio, R. P. (1995). The impact of referral sources on employee attitudes evidence from a national sample. Journal of Management, 21(5), 953–965.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vigneron, F., & Johnson, L. W. (1999). A review and a conceptual framework of prestige-seeking consumer behavior. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 1(1), 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Rueden, C. (2014). The roots and fruits of social status. In J. T. Cheng, J. L. Tracy, & C. Anderson (Eds.), The psychology of social status (pp. 179–200). New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Rueden, C., Gruven, M., & Kaplan, H. (2008). The multiple dimensions of male social status in an amazonian society. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(6), 402–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, K. (2010). A systematic review of the corporate reputation literature: Definition, measurement, and theory. Corporate Reputation Review, 12(4), 357–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, T. L., & Tracey, T. J. (2012). Perceptions of occupational prestige: Differences between african american and white college students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 76–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wanous, J. P. (1992). Organizational entry: Recruitment, selection, orientation, and socialization of newcomers. The Addison-Wesley series on managing human resources (2 edn). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Washington, M., & Zajac, E. J. (2005). Status evolution and competition: Theory and evidence. The Academy of Management Journal, 48(2), 282–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, C. N. (1977). Relationships among pay, race, sex, occupational prestige, supervision, work autonomy, and job satisfaction in a national sample. Personnel Psychology, 30(3), 437–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, C. N. (1978). Black-white correlates of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(2), 255–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, M. (1946b). Essays in sociology (reprint of 1925). In H. H. Gerth & C. W. Mills (Eds.), From Max Weber: Essays in sociology (pp. 75–444). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, Y., & Fershtman, C. (1998). Social status and economic performance. European Economic Review, 42(3), 801–820.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, L. (1966). Motivation as a determininat of upward comparison. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1(1), 27–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willer, R. (2009). Groups reward individual sacrifice: The status solution to the collective action problem. American Sociological Review, 74(1), 23–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zahavi, A. (2016). Curriculum vitae.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahavi, A. (1975). Mate selection: A selection for a handicap. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 53(1), 205–214.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, E. W. (1999). The categorical imperative: Securities analysts and the illegitimacy discount. The American Journal of Sociology, 104(5), 1398–1438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Benjamin Berghaus .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Berghaus, B. (2020). Theory on Status: A Cross-Discipline Literature Review. In: Conspicuous Employment. Contributions to Management Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37701-4_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation