Abstract
In this study, a fundamental investigation of the crystallization process of Li2CO3 from Li2SO4 solution by adding Na2CO3 was performed. Experimental data indicated that at optimum conditions, 90% Li from Li2SO4 was recovered as Li2CO3 solid with 1% impurity in the product and the reaction reached equilibrium within 1 h. The presence of impurities, i.e., CaSO4 and Na2SO4, in the initial Li2SO4 solution had significant negative impact on both lithium recovery efficiency and purity level of the final Li2CO3 product. A feeding rate of Na2CO3 solution into Li2SO4 solution or adding seed in the initial Li2SO4 solution showed minimal effect on the recovery of the product. Seeding properly helped to form the final crystal in desired shape and size with narrow range of particle size distribution.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Vikström H, Davidsson S, Höök M (2013) Lithium availability and future production outlooks. Appl Energy 110:252–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.005
Kavanagh L, Keohane J, Cabellos GG, Lloyd A (2018) Global lithium sources—industrial use and future in the electric vehicle industry : a review. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources7030057
Vieceli N, Nogueira CA, Pereira MFC et al (2018) Hydrometallurgy recovery of lithium carbonate by acid digestion and hydrometallurgical processing from mechanically activated lepidolite. Hydrometallurgy 175:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.10.022
Tran T, Luong VT (2015) Lithium production processes. Elsevier Inc
Kuang G, Liu Y, Li H et al (2018) Extraction of lithium from β-spodumene using sodium sulfate solution. Hydrometallurgy 177:49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.02.015
Barbosa LI, González JA, Del Carmen Ruiz M (2015) Extraction of lithium from β-spodumene using chlorination roasting with calcium chloride. Thermochim Acta 605:63–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2015.02.009
Rosales G, Ruiz M, Rodriguez M (2016) Study of the extraction kinetics of lithium by leaching β-spodumene with hydrofluoric acid. Minerals 6:98. https://doi.org/10.3390/min6040098
Chen Y, Tian Q, Chen B et al (2011) Preparation of lithium carbonate from spodumene by a sodium carbonate autoclave process. Hydrometallurgy 109:43–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.05.006
Lajoie-Leroux F, Dessemond C, Soucy G et al (2018) Impact of the impurities on lithium extraction from β-spodumene in the sulfuric acid process. Miner Eng 129:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.09.011
Paine DC, Whitson T, Janiac D et al (1999) A study of low temperature crystallization of amorphous thin film indium-tin-oxide. J Appl Phys 85:8445–8450. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.370695
Bulavin V, Rushenko I, Blinkov M (2017) Determining a dependence of the effect of inert electrolyte on a difficultly soluble salt under different conditions. Eastern-European J Enterp Technol 4:10–16. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2017.108181
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Liu, H., Azimi, G. (2020). A Fundamental Investigation of Li2CO3 Crystallization from Li2SO4 System. In: Azimi, G., Forsberg, K., Ouchi, T., Kim, H., Alam, S., Baba, A. (eds) Rare Metal Technology 2020. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36758-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36758-9_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36757-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-36758-9
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)