Abstract
Radial differentiation of matter is a strong control over the differentiation of geosystems. Our research in steppes and dry steppes of South Siberia showed that the structure of geochores (heterogeneous geosystems) at topological level and landscape-geochemical processes are densely interrelated and control each other. Each hierarchical level of geomers (homogeneous geosystems) is characterized by the corresponding range of matter stock increasing at the higher hierarchical levels. Within taxons, the geomers differ in stock of chemical elements or their radial differentiation. Integration of geomers is ensured by lateral matter flows. Each rank order of topogeochores has certain ranks of corresponding geomers with certain limits of matter stock variability. The interfluve catenary and slope microgeochores have negative budget of matter differentiation with dominance of lateral flows over radial ones. Matter output from slope geosystems depends on steepness, properties of soils, and parent rocks. Positional-dynamical automorphic microgeochores on slopes and semi-hydromorphic super-aqual microgeochores often have zero balance. Hydromorphic super-aqual microgeochores are characterized by positive balance with dominance of radial flows. Micro-basin super-aqual and sub-aqual halomorphic microgeochores have positive balance with prevalence of lateral flows. Step-by-step integration of geochores (regionalization) should be based on basin landscape-geochemical synthesis.
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Notes
- 1.
Landscape envelope, in Russian geography, is a sphere of strong interactions between atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere within the layer 10n meters above and below the Earth surface. Weathering crust, soils, clay minerals, chemical composition of waters are the examples of specific matter generated by this interaction (Eds.).
- 2.
Geomer is a homogeneous geosystem, and geochore is a heterogeneous geosystem. The terms were introduced in Siberian school of landscape science. See Glossary and Chapter by Cherkashin, Part I, this volume for definitions.
- 3.
Facies is the elementary morphological unit of a landscape in Russian terminology. See Glossary and Chapter by Khoroshev in Part I, this volume, for details.
- 4.
Geochemical classification of landscape units composing catena. See Glossary and Chapter 9 for definitions and details (Eds.).
- 5.
Macrogeochore, topogeochore, mesogeochore, microgeochore are the terms for various hierarchical orders of geochores adopted in the Siberian and German schools of landscape science. See Glossary for the definition of geochore (Eds.).
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Semenov, Y.M. (2020). Structure of Topogeochores and Modern Landscape-Geochemical Processes. In: Khoroshev, A., Dyakonov, K. (eds) Landscape Patterns in a Range of Spatio-Temporal Scales. Landscape Series, vol 26. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31185-8_10
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