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Intérêt de la pharmacogénétique en psychiatrie

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Apport des neurosciences à la psychiatrie clinique

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Résumé

La pharmacogénétique est une division de la pharmacologie, qui étudie le rôle et l’impact des facteurs génétiques sur les effets cliniques attendus ou observés survenant lors de la prise d’un traitement. À ce titre, la pharmacogénétique a pour but d’identifier les sujets non-répondeurs à un médicament, d’aider à repérer les sujets à risque pour la survenue d’un événement indésirable, et enfin de préciser la dose la plus adaptée à chaque patient pour un traitement donné. La pharmacogénétique a deux domaines d’investigation fréquemment distingués, la pharmacocinétique et la pharmacodynamique. La pharmacocinétique s’intéresse aux voies biologiques impliquées dans l’absorption, la distribution, l’excrétion et le métabolisme du médicament (de la prise du traitement à la cible pharmacologique). La pharmacodynamique cherche quant à elle à identifier les activités biologiques ciblées par le médicament (tout ce qui se passe en aval de l’activation de la cible). La pharmacogénétique correspond à l’étude des variants d’un ou plusieurs gènes (dénommés candidats), alors que la pharmacogénomique s’intéresse à l’ensemble du génome sans a priori quant à la nature des gènes impliqués.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Inserm UMR 894 Equipe 1, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 2 ter, rue d’Alésia Uni, 75014, Paris, France

    N. Ramoz

  2. CMME, Hôpital Sainte-Anne Paris, Université Paris V Descartes, France

    N. Ramoz

  3. CMME, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, 100, rue de la Santé, 75674, Paris Cedex 14, France

    G. Voegeli

  4. CMME, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, 100, rue de la Santé, 75674, Paris Cedex 14, France

    P. Gorwood

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  1. N. Ramoz
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  2. G. Voegeli
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  3. P. Gorwood
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Correspondence to N. Ramoz .

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Ramoz, N., Voegeli, G., Gorwood, P. (2014). Intérêt de la pharmacogénétique en psychiatrie. In: Apport des neurosciences à la psychiatrie clinique. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0505-4_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0505-4_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Paris

  • Print ISBN: 978-2-8178-0504-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-2-8178-0505-4

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