Cleavage and Ductile Fracture Mechanisms: The Microstructural Basis of Fracture Toughness

  • Chapter
Finnie's Notes on Fracture Mechanics

Abstract

Our preceding discussion has dealt primarily with the macroscopic aspects of fracture with only occasional reference to behavior on the microscopic level. Eventually, it would be desirable to minimize the expensive process of fracture toughness testing by predicting behavior from more fundamental material properties and simpler material tests. Any such predictions have to be based on the microstructural features of the fracture process. Impressive progress has been made in relating fracture behavior to more fundamental properties but also because of the insight it provides into the physical processes involved in fracture.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Cube planes (100) in steel

  2. 2.

    In more recent work by Rice and his colleagues, the blunted crack model has been applied only to the case of small-scale yielding.

References

  1. Beachem CD. Microscopic fracture processes. In: Liebowitz H, editor. Fracture, vol. 1. New York and London: Academic; 1968. p. 243–349.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Berry JM. Cleavage step formation in brittle fracture. ASM Trans. 1959;51:556–88.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Burghard HC Jr, Stoloff NS. Cleavage phenomena and topographic features, “electron fractography”. ASTM STP. 1967;436:32–58.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Low JR. The relation of microstructure to brittle fracture in “relation of properties to microstructure”. Am Soc Metals. 1954;163–79.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Zener C. Micro mechanisms of fracture, in “fracturing of metals”. Am Sol Metals. 1949;3–31.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Stroh AN. The formation of cracks as a result of plastic flow. Proc Roy Soc (London). 1954;223A:404–14.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Cottrell AH. Theory of brittle fracture in steel and similar metals. Trans AIME. 1958;212:192–203.

    Google Scholar 

  8. McMahon CJ, Cohen M. Initiation of cleavage in polycrystalline iron. Acta Metall. 1965;13:591–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. McMahon CJ. The microstructural aspects of tensile fracture, Fundamental phenomena in the materials sciences, vol. 4. New York: Plenum; 1967. p. 247–84.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Almond EA, Embury JD. Instrumented impact testing of low carbon steels. Metal Sci J. 1968;2:194–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Smith E. The nucleation and growth of cleavage microcracks in mild steel. In: Proceedings of the Conference on the Physical Basis of Yield and Fracture, Inst. Phys. & Phys. Soc., Oxford; 1966. p. 36–46.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lindley TC, Oates G, Richards CE. A critical appraisal of carbide cracking mechanisms in ferrite/carbide aggregates. Acta Metall. 1970;18:1127–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Oates G. Effect of temperature and train rate on cleavage fracture in a mild steel and a low-carbon manganese steel. J Iron Steel Inst. 1969;207:353–62.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Knott JF. some effects of hydrostatic tension on the fracture behavior of mild steel. J Iron Steel Inst. 1966;204:104–11.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kontt JF. Effect of notch depth on fracture of mild steel specimens after general yield. J Iron Steel Inst. 1967;205:288–91.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Griffith JR, Owen DRJ. An elastic-plastic stress analysis for a notched bar in plane strain bending. J Mech Phys Solids. 1971;19:419–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Knott JF. Fundamentals of fracture mechanics. London: Butterworths; 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ritchie RO, Knott JF, Rice JR. On the relation between critical tensile stress and fracture toughness in mild steel. J Mech Phys Solids. 1973;21:395–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Parks DM. Interpretation of irradiation effects on the fracture toughness of a pressure vessel steel in terms of crack tip stress analysis. Trans ASME J Eng Mat Technol. 1976;98:30–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Krafft JM. Correlation of plane strain crack toughness with strain hardening characteristics of a low, a medium and a high strength steel. Appl Mat Res. 1964;3:88–101.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Yoder GR. Fractographic lines in maraging steels—a link to fracture toughness. Metall Trans. 1972;3:1851–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hahn GT, Rosenfield AR. Source of fracture toughness: the relation between and the ordinary tensile properties of metals, in “applications related phenomena in titanium alloys”. ASTM STP. 1968;432:5–32.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jones MH, Brown WF Jr. The influence of crack length and thickness in plane strain fracture toughness tests, in “review of developments in plane strain fracture toughness testing”. ASTM STP. 1970;463:63–101.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Barsom JM, Pellegrino JV. Relationship between and plane strain tensile ductility and microscopic mode of fracture. Eng Fract Mech. 1973;5:209–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Rice JR, Johnson MA. The role of large crack tip geometry changes in plane strain fracture. In: Kanninen MF, et al., editors. Inelastic behavior of solids. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.; 1970. p. 641–72.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Rice JR, Tracey DM. On the ductile enlargement of voids in triaxial stress fields. J Mech Phys Solids. 1969;17:201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Hahn GT, Rosenfield AR. Metallurgical factors affecting fracture toughness of aluminum alloys. Metall Trans. 1975;6A:653–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Green G, Knott JR. The initiation and propagation of fracture in low strength steels. Trans ASME J Eng Mat Technol. 1976;98H:37–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dharan, C.K.H., Kang, B.S., Finnie, I. (2016). Cleavage and Ductile Fracture Mechanisms: The Microstructural Basis of Fracture Toughness. In: Finnie's Notes on Fracture Mechanics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2477-6_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2477-6_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2476-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2477-6

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation