Abstract
As postulated, acute isovolemic hemodilution induces a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) almost parallel to the decrease in blood viscosity, whereas cardiac index (CI) increases significantly without increase in myocardial contractility, while oxygen affinity of hemoglobin is unaffected (Messmer et al., 1973). Over a wide range of hematocrit (Hct) levels, the rise in CI compensates for the decreased oxygen transport capacity, thereby maintaining oxygen transport to the tissue unaltered. Nearly all data in the literature about the effects of hemodilution are obtained from experiments in dogs. Dogs, however, differ from humans in anatomy, distribution of coronary arteries and in sympathetic responses (Weaver et al, 1986). Therefore in this study cardiovascular responses, hemodynamics, oxygen transport to tissue and the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin during normoxic acute isovolemic moderate hemodilution were studied in pigs. Ample evidence exist to demonstrate that the pig is closely related to the human both anatomically and physiologically. The cardiovascular system and metabolism show similarities with respect to the size and distribution of coronary vessels, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, regional distribution of cardiac output and maximum oxygen consumption (Swindle, 1984; Mc Krinan et al, 1986; Weaver et al., 1986).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Blumberg, A., and Marti, H.R., 1972, Adaptation to anemia by decreased oxygen affinity of hemoglobin in patients on dialysis, Kidn. Int. 1:263.
Cain, S.M., 1977, Oxygen delivery and uptake in dogs during anemic and hypoxic hypoxia, J. Appl. Physiol. 42:228.
Colvard, M.L. and Longmuir, J.S., 1973, The effects of pacing on oxygen hemoglobin dissociation and oxygen carrying capacity in patients suspected of coronary artery, disease, Am. Heart J., 85: 662
Edwards, M.J., and Canon B., 1972, Oxygen transport during erythropoietic response to moderate blood loss, New Eng. J. of Med., 287:115.
Fowler, N.O., and Holmes, J.C., 1975, Blood viscosity and cardiac output in acute experimental anemia, J.Appl. Physiol., 39:453.
Kostuk, W.J., Sierra, K., Bernstein, E.P., and Sebel, B.E., 1973, Altered hemoglobin oxygen affinity in patients with acute myocardial infarction, Am. J. Cardiol. 31:295.
Laks, H., Pilon, R.N., Klovekorn, W.P., et al., 1974, Acute hemodilution: its effect on hemodynamics and oxygen transport in anesthetized man, Ann. Surg., 180:103.
Lundsgaard-Hansen, P., 1979, Hemodilution- New clothes for an Anemic Emperor, Vox Sang., 36:321.
Messmer, K., Görnandt, L., Jesch, E., Sinagowitz, E., Sunder-Plassmann, L., and Kessler, M., 1973, Oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation during hemodilution with dextran, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 37:669.
Messmer, K., Kreimeier, U., and Maglietta, M., 1986, Present state of intentional hemodilution, Eur. Surg. Res., 18:254.
Mc Krinan, M.D., White, B.D. Guth, and Bloor, C.M., 1986, Cardiovascular and Metabolic responses to acute and chronic exercise in swine, in: “Swine in Biomedical research”, M.E. Tumbleson, ed., Plenum Press, New York and London.
Murray, J.F., and Escobar, E., 1968, Circulatory effects of blood viscosity: comparison of methemoglobinemia and anemia,J. Appl. Physiol., 25:594.
Shappell, S., Murray, J.A., Nasser, M.G., Willis, R.E., Torrance, J.O., Lenfant, C.J.M., 1970, Acute changes in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen during angina pectoris, N. Eng. J. Med., 282: 1219.
Siggaard -Andersen, O., Wimberley, P.D., Fogh-Andersen, N., Cothgen, J.H., 1988, Measured and derived quantities with modern pH and bloodgas equipment: calculation algorithms with 54 equations, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 48:S 189:7.
Swindle, M.M., 1984, Swine as replacement for dogs in the surgical teaching and research laboratory, Lab. Anim. Sci., 34:383.
Sylvester, J.G., Scharf, S.M., and Gilbert, R.D., 1979, Hypoxic and CO hypoxia in dogs: hemodynamics, carotic reflexes and catecholamines, Am. J. Physiol., 236:H22.
Trouwborst, A., van den Broek, W.G.M., Tenbrinck, R., Groenland, T.H.N., Bucx, M., Faithfull, N.S., 1989, Alterations in oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve during normoxic acute normovolemic hemodilution, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 248:419.
Von Restroff, W.B., Höfling, J., and Bassenge, E., 1975, Effect of increased blood fluidity through hemodilution on coronary circulation at rest and during exercise, Pluegers Arch., 357:15.
Weaver, M.E., Pantely, G.A., Bristow, J.D., and Ladley, H.D., 1986, A quantitive study of the anatomy and distribution of coronary arteries in swine in comparison with other animals and man, Cardiovasc. Res., 20:907.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Trouwborst, A., Tenbrinck, R., Fennema, M., Bucx, M., v.d. Broek, W.G.M., Trouwborst-Weber, B.K. (1990). Cardiovascular Responses, Hemodynamics and Oxygen Transport to Tissue during Moderate Isovolemic Hemodilution in Pigs. In: Piiper, J., Goldstick, T.K., Meyer, M. (eds) Oxygen Transport to Tissue XII. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 277. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8181-5_100
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8181-5_100
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-8183-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-8181-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive