Abstract
The most devastating aspect of cancer is the propensity of malignant neoplasms to spread from their primary site of growth to distant organs where secondary tumors, metastases, can develop. Despite remarkable advances in aggressive adjuvant therapy and improvements in general patient care, most deaths of patients with solid cancers are caused by metastases. There are several reasons for the current failure to eradicate metastasis. First, by the time of surgical excision of the primary neoplasm, metastases may have already occurred. Second, even when metastases are diagnosed, their location and number may limit the effective dose of therapeutic agent that can be delivered to the lesion without being toxic to the host. Third, the most formidable obstacle to successful treatment of metastasis is the heterogeneous nature of malignant neoplasms and the rapid emergence of metastases that are resistant to conventional therapeutic regimens [1–3].
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Fogler, W.E., Fidler, I.J. (1983). Role of Macrophages in Host Resistance Against Tumors. In: Herberman, R.B. (eds) Basic and Clinical Tumor Immunology. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 14. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3873-4_2
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