Part of the book series: Cancer Treatment and Research ((CTAR,volume 83))

Abstract

Just how the normally ordered regime of growth and differentiation executed by all cells is over-riden, leading to the transformed phenotype, is as yet not fully understood, but many consider this progression to be a multistep process involving the accumulation of a number of genetic lesions, that is, loss of tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogene activation [1–3]. Indeed, cytogenetic analysis of human malignant cells has shown that at least 90% of human tumors examined carry some form of cytogenetic alteration [4].

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Patel, K.V., Schrey, M.P. (1996). Endothelins in breast cancer. In: Dickson, R.B., Lippman, M.E. (eds) Mammary Tumor Cell Cycle, Differentiation, and Metastasis. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 83. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1259-8_18

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