Abstract
If complete stop** takes place in a heavy ion collision, no memory of the incident beam direction persists among the final state nuclear fragments, and the maximum possible fraction of the initial kinetic energy is available to impart transverse momentum to the fragments and for populating other degrees of freedom, such as pion production. At intermediate energies, it is clear a priori that nuclear matter outside the geometric overlap region — the spectators — cannot be stopped, and so the non-trivial question is whether or not stop** occurs for the participant matter. Stop** of participants is a necessary condition for regarding the interaction region as being in global thermal equilibrium.
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Keane, D. et al. (1989). Stop** Power and the Equation of State at Intermediate Energy. In: Greiner, W., Stöcker, H. (eds) The Nuclear Equation of State. NATO ASI Series, vol 216a. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0583-5_5
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