Abstract
The development of rice cultivars with insect resistance has led to major increases in food production in many develo** nations of the tropical areas in the world. These cultivars have played a major role in the “green revolution” in south and southeast Asia. During the development of these cultivars, several entomological techniques and evaluation methods were pioneered. These techniques were developed in many instances to evaluate the underlying chemical mechanisms mediating insect resistance in rice germplasm. Many of the techniques have made use of existing technologies but in several cases, new technologies have been developed to aid in the progress of entomological research in the area of insect resistance in rice.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Badings HT, de Jong C, Dooper RPM, de Nijs RMC (1984) Rapid analysis of volatile compounds in food products by cold trap**/capillary gas chromatography. In: Adda J (ed) Progress in flavor research. Proceedings of the 14th Weurman Flavor Research Symposium, Dourdan, France, 9–11 May, 1984. Elsevier Science Publishers., N. Y., pp 523–532
Berlyn GP, Miksche JP (1976) Staining paraffin and plastic sections. In: Botanical Microtechnique and Cytochemistry. Iowa State University Press, Ames, pp 96–99
Besson E, Dellamonica G, Chopin J, Markham KR, Kim M, Koh H, Fukami H (1985) C-glycosylflavones from Oryza sativa. Phytochemistry 24:1061–1064
Busch KL, Cooks RG (1982) Mass spectrometry of large, fragile, and involatile molecules. Science 218:247–254
Buttery RG, Xu C, Ling LC (1985) Volatile components of wheat leaves (and stems): possible insect attractants. J Agric Food Chem 33:115–117
Caballero P, Juliano BO, Khan ZR, Saxena RC, Zapata FJ (1988a) Status of the study of chemical basis of resistance of the rice plant to leaffolders and stem borers. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Saturday Seminar, 20 August, 1988, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines
Caballero P, Shin DH, Khan ZR, Saxena RC, Juliano BO, Zapata FJ (1988b) Use of tissue culture to evaluate rice resistance to lepidopterous pests. Int Rice Res Newsl 13:14–15
Fulton RA, Chamberlin JC (1934) An improved technique for the artificial feeding of the beet leafhopper with notes on its ability to synthesize glycerides. Science 79:346–348
Hamilton-Kemp TR, Andersen RA, Rodriguez JG, Laughrin JH, Patterson CG (1988) Strawberry foliage headspace vapor components at periods of susceptibility and resistance to Tetranychus urticae Koch. J Chem Ecol 14:789–796
Heath RR, Tumlinson JH (1984) Techniques for purifying, analyzing, and identifying pheromones. In: Hummel HE, Miller TA (eds) Techniques in pheromone research. Springer Series in Experimental Entomology. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 287–322
Hernandez HP(1988) Search for allelochemicals in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and structure determination of external flavonoids of Calamintha ashei. Ph. D. Dissertation, Louisiana State University
Hernandez HP, Hsieh TCY, Smith CM, Fischer, NH (1989) Foliage volatiles of two rice cultivars. Phytochemistry 28:2959–2962
Kawabe S, McLean DL (1980) Electronic measurement of probing activities of the green leafhopper of rice. Entomol Exp Appl 27:77–82
Kawabe S, Fukumorita T, Chino M (1980) Collection of rice phloem sap from stylets of homopterous insects severed by YAG laser. Plant and Cell Physiol 21:1319–1327
Khan ZR, Saxena RC (1984a) Technique for demonstrating phloem or xylem feeding by leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in rice plant. J Econ Entomol 77:550–552
Khan ZR, Saxena RC (1984b) Electronically recorded waveforms associated with the feeding behavior of Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Delphacidae) on susceptible and resistant rice varieties. J Econ Entomol 77:1479–1482
Khan ZR, Saxena RC (1985) Effect of steam distillate extracts of a resistant rice variety on feeding behavior of Nephotettix virescens (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). J Econ Entomol 78:562–566
Khan ZR, Saxena RC (1986) Effect of steam distillate extracts of resistant and susceptible rice cultivars on behavior of Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Delphacidae). J Econ Entomol 79:928–935
Khan ZR, Saxena RC (1988) Probing behavior of three biotypes of Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) on different resistant and susceptible rice varieties. J Econ Entomol 81:1338–1345
Khan ZR, Norris DM, Chiang HS, Weiss NE, Oosterwyk AS (1986) Light-induced susceptibility in soybean to cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environ Entomol 15:803–808
Khan ZR, Saxena RC, Rueda BP (1988) Responses of rice-infesting and grassinfesting populations of Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) to rice plants and Leersia grass and to their steam distillate extracts. J Econ Entomol 81:1080–1088
Kim M, Koh HS, Fukami H (1985) Isolation of C-glycosylflavones as probing stimulant of planthoppers in rice plant. J Chem Ecol 11:441–452
Koyama K, Mitsuhashi J (1976) Differences in oviposition of the smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, in response to various amino acids solutions (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Appl Entomol Zool 11:33–37
Kubo I, Hanke FJ (1986) Chemical methods for isolating and identifying phytochemicals biologically active in insects. In: Miller JR and Miller TA (eds) Insectplant interactions. Springer Series in Experimental Entomology. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 225–250
Kurata S, Sogawa K (1976) Sucking inhibitory action of aromatic amines for the rice plant-and leafhoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae, Deltocephalidae). Appl Entomol Zool 11:89–93
Linsmaier E, Skoog F (1965) Organic growth factor requirements of tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 18:100–127
McLean DL, Kinsey MG (1964) A technique for electronically recording aphid feeding and salivation. Nature (London) 202:1358–1359
Medina EB, Tryon EH (1986) Responses of leaffolder (LF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis G. to extracts of resistant Oryza saliva and O. brachyantha. Int Rice Res Newsl 15:23
Mitsuhashi J (1970) A device for collecting planthopper and leafhopper eggs (Hemiptera, Delphacidae and Deltocephalidae). Appl Entomol Zool 5:47–49
Mitsuhashi J, Koyama K (1975) Oviposition of smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus into various carbohydrate solutions through a parafilm membrane (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Appl Entomol Zool 10:123–129
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Pl 15:473–497
Obata T, Kim M, Koh H, Fukami H (1981) Planthopper attractant(s) in rice plant. Jpn J Appl Entomol Zool 25:47–51
Obata T, Koh HS, Kim M, Fukami H (1983) Constituents of planthopper attractant in rice. Appl Entomol Zool 18:161–169
Sakai T, Sogawa K (1976) Effects of nutrient compounds on sucking response of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Appl Entomol Zool 11:82–88
Saxena KN, Gandhi JR, Saxena RC (1974) Patterns of relationship between certain leafhoppers and plants. Part 1. Responses to plants. Entomol Exp Appl 17:303–318
Saxena RC (1978) Biochemical basis of resistance in crop plants. IRRI, Saturday Seminar, 11 March, 1978, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines (mimeo)
Saxena RC, Okech SH (1985) Role of plant volatiles in resistance of selected rice varieties to brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Homoptera: Delphacidae). J Chem Ecol 11:1601–1616
Sekido S, Sogawa K (1976) Effects of salicylic acid on probing and oviposition of rice plant-and leafhoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae and Deltocephalidae). Appl Entomol Zool 11:75–81
Shigematsu Y, Murofushi N, Ito K, Kaneda C, Kawabe S, Takahashi N (1982) Sterols and asparagine in the rice plant, endogenous factors related to resistance against the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens). Agric Biol Chem 46:2877–2879
Shour MH, Sparks TC (1981) Biology of the soybean looper, Psuedoplusia includens: characterization of last-stage larvae. Ann Entomol Soc Am 74:531–535
Sogawa K (1971) Preliminary assay of antifeeding chemicals for the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Hemiptera, Delphacidae). Appl Entomol Zool 6:215–218
Sogawa K (1974) Studies on the feeding habits of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) IV. Probing stimulant. Appl Entomol Zool 9:204–213
Sogawa K (1976) Studies on the feeding habits of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) V. Probing stimulatory effect of rice flavonoid. Appl Entomol Zool 11:160–164
Turner CJ (1984) Multipulse NMR in liquids. Progr NMR Spectroscopy 16:311–370
Visser JH (1983) Differential sensory perceptions of plant compounds by insects. In: Hedin PA (ed) Plant resistance to insects. ACS Symp Series no. 208. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp 215–230
Williams WP, Davis FM (1985) Southwestern corn borer larval growth on corn callus and its relationship with leaf feeding resistance. Crop Sci 25:317–319
Williams WP, Buckley PM, Taylor VN (1983) Southwestern corn borer growth on callus initiated from corn genotypes with different levels of resistance to plant damage. Crop Sci 23:1210–1212
Williams WP, Buckley PM, Davis FM (1985) Larval growth and behavior of the fall armyworm (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) on callus initiated from susceptible and resistant corn hybrids. J Econ Entomol 78:951–954
Williams WP, Buckley PM, Davis FM (1987a) Feeding response of corn earworm (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) to callus and extracts from corn in the laboratory. Environ Entomol 16:532–534
Williams WP, Buckley PM, Davis FM (1 987b) Tissue culture and its use in investigations of insect resistance in maize. Agric Ecosystems Environ 18:185–190
Woodhead S, Padgham DE (1988) The effect of plant surface characteristics on resistance of rice to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Entomol Exp Appl 47:15–22
Yoshihara T, Sogawa K, Pathak MD, Juliano BO, Sakamura S (1979) Soluble silicic acid as a sucking inhibitory substance in rice against the brown planthopper (Delphacidae, Homoptera). Entomol Exp Appl 26:314–322
Yoshihara T, Sogawa K, Pathak MD, Juliano BO, Sakamura S (1980) Oxalic acid as a sucking inhibitor of the brown planthopper in rice (Delphacidae, Homoptera). Entomol Exp Appl 27:149–155
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smith, C.M., Khan, Z.R., Caballero, P. (1991). Techniques and Methods to Evaluate the Chemical Bases of Insect Resistance in the Rice Plant. In: Heinrichs, E.A., Miller, T.A. (eds) Rice Insects: Management Strategies. Springer Series in Experimental Entomology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3124-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3124-0_8
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7805-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3124-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive