This summary presents new maps of ammonia emissions and concentrations produced for Switzerland, as well as selected results of a study investigating the effect of ammonia on the vegetation of lichens.
The map** of ammonia was initiated in the early 1990s with the aim to calculate the deposition of nitrogen and subsequently the exceedance of critical loads of acidity and nutrient nitrogen in Switzerland with high spatial resolution (i.e. 1 × 1 km2). In the first approach, ammonia emissions were mapped using livestock statistics spatially related to the municipalities and land-use maps (FOEFL 1994, 1996). Ecosystem-dependent depositions were directly calculated from the amount of ammonia emitted within a radius of 10 km. In this ‘budget’ model, the overall ratio of emission to deposition was constrained to a fixed value (45%). As systematic measurements of ammonia concentrations did not exist at that time, the results were checked mainly with deposition measurements (e.g. BUWAL 1994) and EMEP results.
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Rihm, B., Urech, M., Peter, K. (2009). Map** Ammonia Emissions and Concentrations for Switzerland — Effects on Lichen Vegetation. In: Sutton, M.A., Reis, S., Baker, S.M. (eds) Atmospheric Ammonia. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9121-6_7
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