Epidemiologische und ökonomische Aspekte der Sepsis

  • Chapter
Sepsis und MODS
  • 711 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

eBook
USD 4.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. 2nd European Consensus Conference in Intensive Care Medicine (1994) Predicting outcome in ICU patients. Intensive Care Med 20/5: 390–397

    Google Scholar 

  2. Abraham E, Anzueto A, Gutierrez G et al. (1998) Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock. NORASEPT II Study Group. Lancet 283–351(9107): 929–933

    Google Scholar 

  3. Abraham E, Laterre PF, Garbino J et al. (2001) Lenercept (P55 tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein) in severe sepsis and early septic shock: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial with 1,342 patients. Crit Care Med 29/3: 503–510

    Google Scholar 

  4. Abraham E, Wunderink R, Silverman H et al. (1995) Efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with sepsis syndrome. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. TNF-Alpha MAb Sepsis Study Group. JAMA 273/12: 934–941

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. ACCP/ SCCM (1992) American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 20/6: 864–874

    Google Scholar 

  6. Alberti C, Brun-Buisson C, Burchardi H et al. (2002) Epidemiology of sepsis and infection in ICU patients from an international multicentre cohort study. Intensive Care Med 28/2: 108–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Amaravadi RK, Dimick JB, Pronovost PJ, Lipsett P (2000) A ICU nurse-to-patient ratio is associated with complications and resource use after esophagectomy. Intensive Care Med 26/12: 1857–1862

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Angus DC, Birmingham MC, Balk RA et al. (2000) E5 Murine monoclonal antiendotoxin antibody in gram-negative sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. E5 Study Investigators. JAMA 283/13: 1723–1730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Clermont G et al. (2003) Cost-effectiveness of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in the treatment of severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 31: 1–11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J et al. (2001) Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med 29/7: 1303–1310

    Google Scholar 

  11. Angus DC, Wax RS (2001) Epidemiology of sepsis: an update. Crit Care Med 29(Suppl 7): S109–S116

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Annane D (2001) Corticosteroids for septic shock. Crit Care Med 29(Suppl 7): S117–S120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Annane D, Sharshar T, Auriant I et al. (2000) Corticotherapy in severe infectious states. Bull Acad Natl Med 184/8:1631–1640

    Google Scholar 

  14. Baumgartner JD, Calandra T (1999) Treatment of sepsis: past and future avenues 1. Drugs 57/2: 127–132

    Google Scholar 

  15. Berger K, Fischer T, Szucs TD (1998) Cost-effectiveness analysis of paclitaxel and cisplatin versus cyclophosphamide and cisplatin as first-line therapy in advanced ovarian cancer. A European perspective. Eur J Cancer 34/12: 1894–1901

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF et al. (2001) Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 344/10: 699–709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bloos F, Reinhart K (2002 ) New treatment approaches in sepsis. Zentralbl Chir 127/3: 174–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Bone RC (1991) A critical evaluation of new agents for the treatment of sepsis. JAMA 266/12: 1686–1691

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Bone RC (1995) Economic analysis of the intensive care unit: a dilemma. Crit Care Med 23/5: 805

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB et al. (1992) Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 101/6: 1644–1655

    Google Scholar 

  21. Brazzi L, Bertolini G, Arrighi E et al. (2002) Top-down costing: problems in determining staff costs in intensive care medicine. Intensive Care Med 28/11: 1661–1663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Brouwer WB, Koopmanschap MA (1998) How to calculate indirect costs in economic evaluations. Pharmacoeconomics 13/5: 563–569

    Google Scholar 

  23. Brun-Buisson C, Doyon F, Carlet J (1996) Bacteremia and severe sepsis in adults: a multicenter prospective survey in ICUs and wards of 24 hospitals. French Bacteremia-Sepsis Study Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154 (3 Pt1): 617–624

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Brun-Buisson C, Doyon F, Carlet J et al. (1995) Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults. A multicenter prospective study in intensive care units. French ICU Group for Severe Sepsis. JAMA 274/12: 968–974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Burchardi H, Moerer O (2001) Twenty-four hour presence of physicians in the ICU. Crit Care 5/3: 131–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Cannon CP, Weintraub WS, Demopoulos LA et al. (2001) Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein iib/iiia inhibitor tirofiban. N Engl J Med 344/25: 1879–1887

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Carlson RW, Weiland DE, Srivathsan K (1996) Does a fulltime, 24-hour intensivist improve care and efficiency? Crit Care Clin 12/3: 525–551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Chaix C, Durand-Zaleski I, Alberti C, Brun-Buisson C (1999) A model to compute the medical cost of patients in intensive care. Pharmacoeconomics 15: 573–582

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Chalfin DB (1995) Cost-effectiveness analysis in health care. Hosp Cost Manage Account 7/4: 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  30. Chalfin DB, Cohen IL, Lambrinos J (1995) The economics and cost-effectiveness of critical care medicine. Intensive Care Med 21/11: 952–961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Chalfin DB, Fein AM (1993) The economic impact and cost-effectiveness of monoclonal antibody therapy for sepsis. Clin Infect Dis 17(Suppl 2): S520–S524

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Chalfin DB, Holbein ME, Fein AM, Carlon GC (1993) Cost-effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies to gram-negative endotoxin in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis in ICU patients. JAMA 269/2: 249–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Chalfin DB, Teres D, Rapoport J (2003) A price for cost-effectiveness: Implications for recombinant human activated protein C (RhAPC). Crit Care Med 31/1: 306–308

    Google Scholar 

  34. Cohen IL, Booth FV (1994) Cost containment and mechanical ventilation in the United States. New Horiz 2/3: 283–290

    Google Scholar 

  35. Cohen J, Carlet J (1996) INTERSEPT: an international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with sepsis. International Sepsis Trial Study Group. Crit Care Med 24: 1431–1440

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Coughlin MT, Angus DC (2003) Economic evaluation of new therapies in critical illness. Crit Care Med 31(Suppl 1): S7–16

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Dasta JF, Cooper LM (2002) Impact of drotrecogin alfa (activated) on resource use and implications for reimbursement. Pharmacotherapy 22: 216S–22S

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Dietrich ES, Schubert B, Ebner W, Daschner F (2001) Cost efficacy of tazobactam/piperacillin versus imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of intra-abdominal infection. Pharmacoeconomics 19/1: 79–94

    Google Scholar 

  39. Edbrooke DL, Hibbert CL, Kingsley JM et al. (1999) The patient-related costs of care for sepsis patients in a United Kingdom adult general intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 27/9: 1760–1767

    Google Scholar 

  40. Edbrooke DL, Stevens VG, Hibbert CL, Mann AJ, Wilson AJ (1997) A new method of accurately identifying costs of individual patients in intensive care: The initial results. Intensive Care Med 23/6: 645–650

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Finkler SA (1982) The distinction between cost and charges. Ann Intern Med 96/1: 102–109

    Google Scholar 

  42. Freeman BD, Quezado Z, Zeni F et al. (1997) RC-CSF reduces endotoxemia and improves survival during E.-coli pneumonia. J Appl Physiol 83/5: 1467–1475

    Google Scholar 

  43. From the Centers for Disease Control (1990) From the Centers for Disease Control. Increase in national hospital discharge survey rates for septicemia — United States 1979–1987. JAMA 263/7: 937–938

    Google Scholar 

  44. Gatell JM, Trilla A, Latorre X et al. (1988) Nosocomial bacteremia in a large Spanish teaching hospital: Analysis of factors influencing prognosis. Rev Infect Dis 10/1: 203–210

    Google Scholar 

  45. Hanson CW III, Deutschman CS, Anderson HL III et al. (1999) Effects of an organized critical care service on outcomes and resource utilization: a cohort study. Crit Care Med 27/2: 270–274

    Google Scholar 

  46. Heyland DK, Hopman W, Coo H, Tranmer J, McColl MA (2000) Long-term health-related quality of life in survivors of sepsis. Short form 36: a valid and reliable measure of health-related quality of life. Crit Care Med 28/11: 3599–3605

    Google Scholar 

  47. Honore PM, Matson JR (2002) Hemofiltration, adsorption, sieving and the challenge of sepsis therapy design. Crit Care 6/5: 394–396

    Google Scholar 

  48. Honore PM, Matson JR (2002) Short-term high-volume hemofiltration in sepsis: Perhaps the right way is to start with. Crit Care Med 30/7: 1673–1674

    Google Scholar 

  49. ISIS-2 Collaborativ Group (1988) Randomized trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2.ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group 1. J Am Coll Cardiol 12(Suppl 6A): 3A–13A

    Google Scholar 

  50. Jacobs P, Edbrooke D, Hibbert C, Fassbender K, Corcoran M (2001) Descriptive patient data as an explanation for the variation in average daily costs in intensive care. Anaesthesia 56/7: 643–647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Jacobs P, Noseworthy TW (1990) National estimates of intensive care utilization and costs: Canada and the United States. Crit Care Med 18/11: 1282–1286

    Google Scholar 

  52. Jegers M, Edbrooke DL, Hibbert CL, Chalfin DB, Burchardi H (2002) Definitions and methods of cost assessment: an intensivist’s guide. ESICM Section on Health Research and Outcome Working Group on cost effectiveness. Intensive Care Med 28/6: 680–685

    Google Scholar 

  53. Kieft H, Hoepelman AI, Zhou W et al. (1993) The sepsis syndrome in a Dutch university hospital. Clinical observations. Arch Intern Med 153/19: 2241–2247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Klepzig H, Winten G, Thierolf C, Kiesling G, Usadel KH, Zeiher AM (1998) Treatment costs in a medical intensive care unit: a comparison of 1992 and 1997. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 123/23: 719–725

    Google Scholar 

  55. Knaus WA, Harrell FE Jr, LaBrecque JF et al. (1996) Use of predicted risk of mortality to evaluate the efficacy of anti-cytokine therapy in sepsis. The RhIL-1ra Phase III Sepsis Syndrome Study Group. Crit Care Med 24: 46–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Krishnagopalan S, Dellinger RP (2001) Innovative therapies for sepsis. BioDrugs 15/10: 645–654

    Google Scholar 

  57. Kwiatkowski TG, Libman RB, Frankel M et al. (1999) Effects of tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke at one year. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study Group 1. N Engl J Med 340/23: 1781–1787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Letarte J, Longo CJ, Pelletier J, Nabonne B, Fisher HN (2002) Patient characteristics and costs of severe sepsis and septic shock in Quebec. J Crit Care 17/1: 39–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Liljas B (1998) How to calculate indirect costs in economic evaluations. Pharmacoeconomics 13: 1–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Lucioni C, Mazzi S, Currado I (2001) Sepsis costs in Italy. Intensive Care Med 27: 284

    Google Scholar 

  61. Lundberg JS, Perl TM, Wiblin T et al. (1998) Septic shock: an analysis of outcomes for patients with onset on hospital wards versus intensive care units. Crit Care Med 26/6: 1020–1024

    Google Scholar 

  62. Manns BJ, Lee H, Doig CJ, Johnson D, Donaldson C (2002) An economic evaluation of activated protein C treatment for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 347/13: 993–1000

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Metnitz PG, Lenz K (1995) Patient data management systems in intensive care — the situation in Europe. Intensive Care Med 21/9: 703–715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Moerer O (2001) Cost assessment in the ICU. J Anästhesiol Intensivbehandl: 175–177

    Google Scholar 

  65. Moerer O, Burchardi H (2001) Cost profiles of direct variable costs in ICU patients. Intensive Care Med: 206

    Google Scholar 

  66. Moerer O, Hein S, Schürgers D, Burchardi H (2003) Cost of infections in the ICU — a matched pairs study. Intensive Care Med 26/330: A453

    Google Scholar 

  67. Moerer O, Schmid A, Hofmann M et al. (2002) Direct costs of severe sepsis in three German intensive care units based on retrospective electronic patient record analysis of resource use. Intensive Care Med 28/10: 1440–1446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Muckart DJ, Bhagwanjee S (1997) American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine consensus conference definitions of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and allied disorders in relation to critically injured patients. Crit Care Med 25/11: 1789–1795

    Google Scholar 

  69. Namias N, Harvill S, Ball S et al. (1999) Cost and morbidity associated with antibiotic prophylaxis in the ICU. J Am Coll Surg 188/3: 225–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Neilson AR, Burchardi H, Chinn C et al. (2003) Cost-effectiveness of drotrecogin alfa (activated) for treatment of severe sepsis in Germany. J Critical Care 18/4: 217–227

    Google Scholar 

  71. Norris C, Jacobs P, Rapoport J, Hamilton S (1995) ICU and non-ICU cost per day. Can J Anaesth 42/3: 192–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Noseworthy TW, Konopad E, Shustack A, Johnston R, Grace M (1996) Cost accounting of adult intensive care: Methods and human and capital inputs. Crit Care Med 24/7: 1168–1172

    Google Scholar 

  73. Obermann K, Graf M, Schulenburg JM, Mautner GC (1997) Economic analysis of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease with simvastatin (Zocor) in Germany. Med Klin 92/11: 686–694

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Opal SM, Cohen J (1999) Clinical gram-positive sepsis: Does It fundamentally differ from gram-negative bacterial sepsis? Crit Care Med 27/8: 1608–1616

    Google Scholar 

  75. Opal SM, Palardy JE, Parejo N, Morrison DC (2001) Lipopolyamines as a therapeutic strategy in experimental gram-negative bacterial sepsis. J Endotoxin Res 7/1: 35–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Oye RK, Bellamy PE (1991) Patterns of resource consumption in medical intensive care. Chest 99/3: 685–689

    Google Scholar 

  77. Panacek EA, Marshall J, Fischkoff S, Barchuk W, Teoh L (2000) Neutralization of the TNF by a monoclonal antibody improves survival and reduces organ dysfunction in human sepsis: results of the Monarcs trial. Chest 118: 88S

    Google Scholar 

  78. Patrick DL, Starks HE, Cain KC, Uhlmann RF, Pearlman RA (1994) Measuring preferences for health states worse than death. Med Decis Making 14/1: 9–18

    Google Scholar 

  79. Pearlman RA, Cain KC, Patrick DL et al. (1993) Insights pertaining to patient assessments of states worse than death. J Clin Ethics 4/1: 33–41

    Google Scholar 

  80. Perkins HS, Jonsen AR, Epstein WV (1986) Providers as predictors: using outcome predictions in intensive care. Crit Care Med 14/2: 105–110

    Google Scholar 

  81. Perl TM, Dvorak L, Hwang T, Wenzel RP (1995) Long-term survival and function after suspected gram-negative sepsis. JAMA 274/4: 338–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Pittet D, Rangel-Frausto S, Li N et al. (1995) Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: incidence, morbidities and outcomes in surgical ICU patients. Intensive Care Med 21/4: 302–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Pittet D, Tarara D, Wenzel RP (1994) Nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill patients. Excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality. JAMA 271/20: 1598–1601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Pittet D, Thievent B, Wenzel RP, Li N, Gurman G, Suter PM (1993) Importance of pre-existing co-morbidities for prognosis of septicemia in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 19/5: 265–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Pittet D, Thievent B, Wenzel RP et al. (1996) Bedside prediction of mortality from bacteremic sepsis. A dynamic analysis of ICU patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153/2: 684–693

    Google Scholar 

  86. Ponce de Leon-Rosales SP, Molinar-Ramos F, Dominguez-Cherit G et al. (2000) Prevalence of infections in intensive care units in Mexico: a multicenter study. Crit Care Med 28/5: 1316–1321

    Google Scholar 

  87. Quartin AA, Schein RM, Kett DH, Peduzzi PN (1997) Magnitude and duration of the effect of sepsis on survival. Department of Veterans Affairs Systemic Sepsis Cooperative Studies Group. JAMA 277/13: 1058–1063

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Rangel-Frausto MS, Pittet D, Costigan M et al. (1995) The natural history of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A prospective study. JAMA 273/2: 117–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Rangel-Frausto MS, Wiblin T, Blumberg HM et al. (1999) National epidemiology of mycoses survey (NEMIS): Variations in rates of bloodstream infections due to Candida species in seven surgical intensive care units and six neonatal intensive care units. Clin Infect Dis 29/2: 253–258

    Google Scholar 

  90. Rathgeber J, Schillings H, Kersten J, Schurgers D, Burchardi H (1998) Quality management and individual performance recording in intensive care using the Goettingen information system for intensive care and surgery (GISI). Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 33/1: 58–63

    Google Scholar 

  91. Rello J, Ricart M, Mirelis B G et al. (1994) Nosocomial bacteremia in a medical-surgical intensive care unit: Epidemiologic characteristics and factors influencing mortality in 111 episodes. Intensive Care Med 20/2: 94–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Ridley S, Biggam M, Stone P (1991) Cost of intensive therapy. A description of methodology and initial results. Anaesthesia 46/7: 523–530

    Google Scholar 

  93. Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S et al. (2001) Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 345/19: 1368–1377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Salvo I, de Cian W, Musicco M et al. (1995) The Italian SEPSIS Study: Preliminary results on the incidence and evolution of SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock. Intensive Care Med 21(Suppl 2): S244–S249

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Sands KE, Bates DW, Lanken PN et al. (1997) Epidemiology of sepsis syndrome in 8 academic medical centers. Academic Medical Center Consortium Sepsis Project Working Group. JAMA 278/3: 234–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Sasse KC, Nauenberg E, Long A et al. (1995) Long-term survival after intensive care unit admission with sepsis. Crit Care Med 23/6: 1040–1047

    Google Scholar 

  97. Schmid A, Burchardi H, Clouth J, Schneider H (2003) Burden of illness imposed by severe sepsis in Germany. Eur J Health Econom 3: 77–82

    Google Scholar 

  98. Schulman KA, Glick HA, Rubin H, Eisenberg JM (1991) Cost-effectiveness of HA-1A monoclonal antibody for gram-negative sepsis. Economic assessment of a new therapeutic agent. JAMA 266/24: 3466–3471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Scott WG, Scott HM, Henderson S et al. (1999) Cost comparison of antibacterial therapies for serious infections. A New Zealand 3-hospital study. Pharmacoeconomics 16/2: 183–192

    Google Scholar 

  100. Singer M, Myers S, Hall G, Cohen SL, Armstrong RF (1994) The cost of intensive care: a comparison on one unit between 1988 and 1991. Intensive Care Med 20/8: 542–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Slatyer MA, James OF, Moore PG, Leeder SR (1986) Costs, severity of illness and outcome in intensive care. Anaesth Intensive Care 14/4: 381–389

    Google Scholar 

  102. Sznajder M, Aegerter P, Launois R et al. (2001) Cost-effectiveness analysis of stays in intensive care units. Intensive Care Med 27/1: 146–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Teres D, Rapoport J, Lemeshow S, Kim S, Akhras K (2002) Effects of severity of illness on resource use by survivors and nonsurvivors of severe sepsis at intensive care unit admission. Crit Care Med 30/11: 2413–2419

    Google Scholar 

  104. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators (1993) Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 342/8875: 821–828

    Google Scholar 

  105. The International Sepsis Forum (2001) Guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Intensive Care Med 27(Suppl 1): S1–134

    Google Scholar 

  106. Thompson CA (2002) High-cost sepsis drug forces pharmacists to weigh patients’ future. Am J Health Syst Pharm 59/8: 692–697

    Google Scholar 

  107. Tsang GM, Khan I, Dar M et al. (1996) Hemofiltration in a cardiac intensive care unit: Time for a rational approach. ASAIO J 42/5: M710–M713

    Google Scholar 

  108. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F et al. (2001) Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 345/19: 1359–1367

    Google Scholar 

  109. Vanscoy GJ (2002) Management challenge with drotrecogin alfa (activated). Am J Health Syst Pharm 59(Suppl 1): S23–S29

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Veenstra DL, Saint S, Sullivan SD (1999) Cost-effectiveness of antiseptic-impregnated central venous catheters for the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection. JAMA 282/6: 554–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Vincent JL, Bihari DJ, Suter PM et al. (1995) The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee. JAMA 274/8: 639–644

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Wang EC, Grasela TH, Walawander CA (1999) Applying epidemiology-based outcomes research to clinical decision-making. A hypothetical model of biotechnology therapy in gram-negative sepsis. Pharmacoeconomics 15/4: 385–393

    Google Scholar 

  113. Warmerdam PG, de Koning HJ, Boer R et al. (1997) Quantitative estimates of the impact of sensitivity and specificity in mammographic screening in Germany. J Epidemiol Community Health 51/2: 180–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Warren BL, Eid A, Singer P et al. (2001) Caring for the critically ill patient. High-dose antithrombin III in severe sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 286/15: 1869–1878

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Watson RS, Carcillo JA, Linde-Zwirble WT et al. (2002) The epidemiology of severe sepsis in newborns, infants, and children in the U.S. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167: 695–701

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Wichmann MW, Inthorn D, Andress HJ, Schildberg FW (2000) Incidence and mortality of severe sepsis in surgical intensive care patients: The influence of patient gender on disease process and outcome. Intensive Care Med 26/2: 167–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Zeni F, Freeman B, Natanson C (1997) Anti-inflammatory therapies to treat sepsis and septic shock: a reassessment. Crit Care Med 25/7: 1095–1100

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Moerer, O., de Rossi, L., Rossaint, R., Burchardi, H. (2005). Epidemiologische und ökonomische Aspekte der Sepsis. In: Werdan, K., Schuster, HP., Müller-Werdan, U. (eds) Sepsis und MODS. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26587-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26587-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00004-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-26587-0

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation