Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to observe the clinical and immune response characteristics of vaccinated persons infected with the delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Yangzhou, China.
Methods
We extracted the medical data of 129 patients with delta-variant infection who were admitted to Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital (Yangzhou, China) between August and September, 2021. The patients were grouped according to the number of vaccine doses received into an unvaccinated group: a one-dose group and a two-dose group. The vaccine used was SARS-CoV-2-inactivated vaccine developed by Sinovac. We retrospectively analyzed the patients’ epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data.
Results
Almost all patients with delta-variant infection in Yangzhou were elderly, and patients with severe/critical illness were over 70 years of age. The rates of severe/critical illness (P=0.006), fever (P=0.025), and dyspnea (P=0.045) were lower in the two-dose group than in the unvaccinated group. Compared to the unvaccinated group, the two-dose group showed significantly higher lymphocyte counts and significantly lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and D-dimer during hospitalization and a significantly higher positive rate of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies at admission (all P<0.05). The cumulative probabilities of hospital discharge and negative virus conversion were also higher in the two-dose group than in the unvaccinated group (P<0.05).
Conclusions
Two doses of the SARS-CoV-2-inactivated vaccine were highly effective at limiting symptomatic disease and reducing immune response, while a single dose did not seem to be effective.
Abstract
目的
观察扬州地区疫苗接种对德尔塔(Delta)变异型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染者临床和免疫应答特征的影响。
方法
提取2021年8-9月苏北人民医院收治的129例Delta变异株感染患者的病例资料。根据接种疫苗的剂量将患者分为未接种组、一针组和两针组。所用疫苗为北京科兴公司研制的SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗。我们回顾性分析了患者的流行病学、临床、实验室和影像学资料。
结果
扬州地区Delta变异感染患者多数为老年人,重症/危重患者年龄均在70岁以上。两针组重症/危重症(P=0.006)患者人数、发热(P=0.025)和呼吸困难(P=0.045)发生率均低于未接种组。与未接种组相比,两针组住院期间淋巴细胞计数显著升高,C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和D-二聚体水**显著降低,入院时免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体阳性率显著升高(P<0.05)。两针组的累计出院概率和病毒转阴概率也高于未接种组(P<0.05)。
结论
接种两针SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗在减轻新冠肺炎患者症状和降低免疫应答方面效果显著,接种一针疫苗效果不明显。
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82171207 and 82172190), the Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology Young Scientific and Technological Talents Support Project (No. 2021-008), the Jiangsu Province “333” High-level Talents Training Project (No. 2022-3-6-146), and the Yangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project (Nos. YZ2021088 and YZ2021148). The authors thank Prof. Yang YANG (Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China) for her guidance on statistics.
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Cun** WANG, Yong LI, Yuchen PAN, and Luo**g ZHOU contributed to data collection, analysis, interpretation, and writing of the manuscript. ** ZHANG, Yan WEI, and Fang GUO contributed to figure preparation and manuscript editing. Yusheng SHU and Ju GAO contributed to the study concept and design, clinical and pathological analyses, study supervision, and critical revision of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript, and therefore, have full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity and security of the data.
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Cun** WANG, Yong LI, Yuchen PAN, Luo**g ZHOU, ** ZHANG, Yan WEI, Fang GUO, Yusheng SHU, and Ju GAO declare that they have no conflict of interest.
This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital (No. 2021ky284), and was performed in compliance with World Medical Association guidelines and the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 (5). The need for written informed consent was waived because this was a chart review, and the study protocol was approved under rapid review due to the urgent need to collect and report data. The data were collected and analyzed by three authors, who ensured the accuracy and integrity of the data and ensured that the data-collection process complied with the protocol.
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Clinical and immune response characteristics among vaccinated persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 delta variant: a retrospective study
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Wang, C., Li, Y., Pan, Y. et al. Clinical and immune response characteristics among vaccinated persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 delta variant: a retrospective study. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 23, 899–914 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2200054
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2200054
Key words
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
- Delta variant
- Vaccine
- Hospitalization
- Immune response