SpringerLink
Log in

3D Printed porous tissue engineering scaffolds with the self-folding ability and controlled release of growth factor

  • Research Letters
  • Published:
MRS Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study investigated a new strategy for fabricating porous scaffolds with the self-folding ability and controlled release of growth factors (GFs) via 3D printing. The scaffolds were a bilayer structure comprising a poly(D,L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) scaffold for providing the shape morphing ability and a gelatin methacrylate scaffold for encapsulating and delivering GF. The structure, shape morphing behavior, GF release, and its effect on stem cell behavior were studied for new scaffolds. The results suggest that these scaffolds have great potential for regenerating tissues such as blood vessels. This work also contributes to developments of 3D printing in tissue engineering.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C. Wang, Q. Zhao, and M. Wang: Cryogenic 3D printing for producing hierarchical porous and rhBMP-2-loaded Ca-P/PLLA nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biofabrication 9, 025031 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. B. Duan and M. Wang: Chapter 4 Selective laser sintering and its biomedical applications. In LaserTechnology in Biomimetics–Basics and Applications, edited by V. Schmidt (Springer, Berlin, 2013), pp. 83–109. ISBN 978-3-642-41340-7.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. C.W. Hull: Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography. U.S. Patent No. 45 753 301, 1986.

  4. S.C. Ligon, R. Liska, J. Stampfl, M. Gurr, and R. Mulhaupt: Polymers for 3D printing and customized additive manufacturing. Chem. Rev. 117, 10212 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. C.K. Chua and W.Y. Yeong: Bioprinting: Principles and Applications, Vol. 1 (World Scientific Publishing Co. Inc., Singapore, 2014).

    Google Scholar 

  6. V.M. Sean and A. Anthony: 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nat. Biotechnol. 32, 773 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. S. Tibbits: The emergence of “4D printing”. In TED Conference, 2013.

  8. Z. Wan, P. Zhang, Y. Liu, L. Lv, and Y. Zhou: Four-dimensional bioprinting: current developments and applications in bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 101, 26–42 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. C. Wang, Y. Zhou, and M. Wang: In situ delivery of rhBMP-2 in surface porous shape memory scaffolds developed through cryogenic 3D plotting. Mater. Lett. 189, 140 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. S. Miao, W. Zhu, N.J. Castro, M. Nowicki, X. Zhou, H. Cui, J.P. Fisher, and L.G. Zhang: 4D printing smart biomedical scaffolds with novel soybean oil epoxidized acrylate. Sci. Rep. 6, 27226 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Zarek, N. Mansour, S. Shapira, and D. Cohn: 4D printing of shape memory-based personalized endoluminal medical devices. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 38, 1600628 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. L. Zhang, Y. **ang, H. Zhang, L. Cheng, X. Mao, N. An, L. Zhang, J. Zhou, L. Deng, and Y. Zhang: A biomimetic 3D-self-forming approach for microvascular scaffolds. Adv. Sci. 1903553 (2020).

  13. G.L. Koons and A.G. Mikos: Progress in three-dimensional printing with growth factors. J. Control. Release 295, 50–59 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. L.K. Narayanan, P. Huebner, M.B. Fisher, J.T. Spang, B. Starly, and R.A. Shirwaiker: 3D-bioprinting of polylactic acid (PLA) nanofiber–alginate hydrogel bioink containing human adipose-derived stem cells. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 2, 1732 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Y. Zhou, Q. Zhao, and M. Wang: Dual release of VEGF and PDGF from emulsion electrospun bilayer scaffolds consisting of orthogonally aligned nanofibers for gastrointestinal tract regeneration. MRS Commun. 9, 1098 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. M.T. Poldervaart, H. Gremmels, K. van Deventer, J.O. Fledderus, F.C. Öner, M.C. Verhaar, W.J. Dhert, and J. Alblas: Prolonged presence of VEGF promotes vascularization in 3D bioprinted scaffolds with defined architecture. J. Control. Release 184, 58 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Bao, X. Lou, Q. Zhou, W. Dong, H. Yuan, and Y. Zhang: Electrospun biomimetic fibrous scaffold from shape memory polymer of PDLLA-co-TMC for bone tissue engineering. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 2611–2621 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. K. Yue, G. Trujillo-de Santiago, M.M. Alvarez, A. Tamayol, N. Annabi, and A. Khademhosseini: Synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels. Biomaterials 73, 254–271 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. X. Du, H. Cui, B. Sun, J. Wang, Q. Zhao, K. **a, T. Wu, and M.S. Humayun: Photothermally triggered shape-adaptable 3D flexible electronics. Adv. Mater. Technol. 2, 1700120 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. W. Wang, C. Li, M. Cho, and S.H. Ahn: Soft tendril-inspired grippers: shape morphing of programmable polymer–paper bilayer composites. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter faces 10, 10419–10427 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. A.I. Van Den Bulcke, B. Bogdanov, N. De Rooze, E.H. Schacht, M. Cornelissen, and H. Berghmans: Structural and rheological properties of methacrylamide modified gelatin hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 1, 31 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. L. Struik: Orientation effects and cooling stresses in amorphous polymers. Polym. Eng. Sci. 18, 799–811 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. H. Li, Y.J. Tan, S. Liu, and L. Li: Three-dimensional bioprinting of oppositely charged hydrogels with super strong interface bonding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 11164 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. K.Y. Lee and D.J. Mooney: Alginate: properties and biomedical applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 37, 106 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. J.Y. Park, J.H. Shim, S.A. Choi, J. Jang, M. Kim, S.H. Lee, and D.W. Cho: 3D printing technology to control BMP-2 and VEGF delivery spatially and temporally to promote large-volume bone regeneration. J. Mater. Chem. B 3, 5415 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. W. Zhu, H. Cui, B. Boualam, F. Masood, E. Flynn, R.D. Rao, Z.Y. Zhang, and L.G. Zhang: 3D bioprinting mesenchymal stem cell-laden construct with core–shell nanospheres for cartilage tissue engineering. Nanotechnology 29, 185101 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

J.L. and J.L. thank The University of Hong Kong (HKU) for awarding them with research scholarships at HKU. This work was financially supported by Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) through a GRF research grant (17201017) and by HKU through a Seed Fund for Basic Research grant. Assistance provided by members in M. Wang’s group and by technical staff in HKU’s Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Dentistry and Electron Microscopy Unit is acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China

    Jiahui Lai, Junzhi Li & Min Wang

Authors
  1. Jiahui Lai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Junzhi Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Min Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Min Wang.

Supporting Information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lai, J., Li, J. & Wang, M. 3D Printed porous tissue engineering scaffolds with the self-folding ability and controlled release of growth factor. MRS Communications 10, 579–586 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2020.65

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2020.65

Search

Navigation